Ecosystems at Risk Essay - 691 Words

‘Compare the nature and rate of change that affect the functioning of TWO different ecosystems at risk.’ An ecosystem is the dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment as a functional unit. Ecosystems are systems through which incoming solar energy is captured and channelled through a hierarchy of life forms. Each ecosystem has its own characteristic plant and animal community. Nature of change refers to the natural or human induced change towards an ecosystem. Humans play a role in maintaining or disturbing the dynamic equilibrium of any ecosystem. They have the ability to minimise natural resources ecosystems in order to grow food, build habitats, and remove or extract specific†¦show more content†¦The Great Barrier Reef is a huge, complex ecosystem located off the east coast of northern Queensland and is considered as an ecosystem at risk. It stretches approximately 2300km from Papua New Guinea’s Fly River in the north (8⠁ °S) to Fraser Island in the south (24⠁ °S) and has become the largest World Heritage site in the world. It has 1500 of the worlds 13 000 fish species in it area, 200 bird species, 5oo species of seaweed, 600 species of echinoderm, 125 species of shark and ray and around 360 species of hard coral. The Great Barrier Reef is a highly active ecosystem. Tropical cyclones are a major source of damage to this reef system. These storms create great waves that damage corals. They bring large amounts of fresh water onto the reef though forceful rain. The fresh water alters salinity levels, placing stress on the corals and other animals. Human’s impacts have affected the Reef for thousands of years. Climate change, oil spills, tourism, overfishing, land clearing, sewage and waste disposal, coral harvesting and dredging and sand mining have all been major human impacts on the Great Barrier Reef. The impacts of climate change have affected the climate of northern Australia. The increase in sea surface temperature, the increase in average sea level, the change in rainfall patterns, changes to ocean currents and circulation, increased inShow MoreRelatedReview of Wolves and the Ecology of Fear: Can Predation Risk Structure Ecosystems?734 Words   |  3 Pagespredation and the way it affects biodiversity and otherwise alters ecosystems. While many other studies have stressed the lethal effects of predation by carnivores, the authors of this study have chosen to focus on how nonlethal outcomes of predation affect the structure and function of ecosystems. The authors give two main objectives to their study: first to provide a short synthesis of the potential ecosystem responses to predation risk in a three-level trophic cascade involving large carnivores, hoofedRead MoreFinancial And Social Environment Risk887 Words   |  4 Pagessocial environment risk should be considered when a portfolio is chosen. In this section, we present the nature and classification of risk in the impact investment portfolio. Nature of impact investment risk Risk profile is determined by impact thesis and financial targets. It is believed that the types of risk in impact investments are similar to risks in traditional investment in the same sector, region and instrument. Although the impact pursuit will not lead to additional risks compared to generalRead MoreNatural Resources and Energy Paper1201 Words   |  5 PagesPaper An ecosystem is a connection among living resources, residents, and habitats of an area. It includes animals, plants, microorganisms, trees, water and people. Everything that lives in that specific ecosystem is reliant on the other elements of that ecological society. Oceans are considered ecosystems due to the plant life supporting the animal life and also the animal life supporting the plant life. The earth’s marine waters cover two- thirds of its surface making marine ecosystem the largestRead MoreThe And Environmental Impact Plan1330 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluate the risk involved in this case. One of the major flaws in planning, was skipping over the environmental impact study, due to a false sense of security. The reasoning behind skipping over the impact study was to reduce costs and hurry the project along. There is the possibility that data could have been collected that may have assisted in preventing the disaster. Oil companies need to be held accountable for conducting and following through with procedures that are included in risk assessmentsRead MoreEvaluate the Importance of Ecosystem Management and Protection1135 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluate the importance of ecosystem management and protection An ecosystem is defined as a group of organisms and their biophysical environment interact and exchange matter and energy, collectively, they form an ecological system. By identifying the characteristic patters of interaction it is possible to distinguish different types of ecosystem. Many forms and features have been accountable for the destruction of different ecosystems. This has been achieved within the atmosphere-varies in temperatureRead MoreEssay on Balancing Ecosystems972 Words   |  4 PagesBalancing Ecosystems Holly Regan SCI/275 August 10, 2014 Stacy Murphy Balancing Ecosystems Glimmerville City Council, It has been brought to my attention that the city of Glimmerville is now faced with the same invasive grass carp population issues as the city of Sparksville. The problem with the grass carp is once they have been introduced they kill off the native species of our local waters. The purpose for the introduction of the grass carp is to remove the overabundance of indigenousRead MoreRising Sea Levels : Increased Range And Abundance Of Pest?1145 Words   |  5 Pageshabitats, changing breeding seasons and migration patterns, advantages for pests and weeds Rising Seas Sea level rise, caused largely by the expansion of ocean water as it heats and the melting of glaciers and ice caps will be a threat to our ecosystems. Rising sea levels will increase the relative frequency and intensity of storm surges and wave run up, putting more stress on our coastlines. Sea level rise by the end of the century is estimated at around 0.5 m, but councils are being told to prepareRead MoreIncorporation of Natural Capital into Mainstream Policies1018 Words   |  4 Pagesall levels. It sheds light on the role and importance of valuing natural capital; reasons why it has not been properly integrated into everyday decision-making process; the risks associated with negligence; and the benefits of integration. A few examples were enlisted to help outline the opportunities that lie within the ecosystem, if only we can implement practices to utilize it sustainably. Individuals, corporations, and governments, must understand and account for their use of natural capital an dRead MoreGlobal Climate Change On Natural Disasters And Agricultural Production1308 Words   |  6 Pageswell-being is fundamentally dependent on ecosystems for the provisioning, cultural and regulating services that they provide (World Bank, 2007). Clean water is one of the critical resources provided to man by ecosystems. As such, the ecosystem concept has been elevated as a fundamental attribute for human development. Maintenance and access to ecosystem services has consistently been associated with better health and economic outcomes. Human health risks originate from traditional forms of pollutionRead MoreOverfishing Essay1099 Words   |  5 Pagesoverfishing the animals at the top of the ocean food chain such as Sharks will have no food to eat. Overfishing is a major problem for the ecosystem of the ocean. Overfishing affects the ocean ecosystem in many negative ways. Fishermen can target the fish at the top of the food chain or the bottom of the food chain, but either way it both can affect the ecosystem. Targeted fishing of top predators eventually disrupts marine communities, causing an increased abundance of smaller marine animals at

The Plague Of The Bubonic Plague - 825 Words

The Plague Discussion Questions The Black Death was an epizootic bubonic plague, a disease caused by the bacterium of rodents known as Yersinia pestis. The bubonic plague overwhelming effects of European history. The Black Death was considered one of the most â€Å"devastating pandemics† in human history. Whom Did the Black Death Affect The Black death affected mostly Europe. â€Å"The disastrous mortal disease known as the Black Death spread across Europe in the years 1346-53.† (Paragraph 1) â€Å"By the end, Germany, France, Italy, England, and low countries had felt the plague.† (academic.mu.edu) Throughout Europe, countries were affected by the plague. Superstitions and Its Roles in the Plague Superstition is â€Å"a widely held but unjustified†¦show more content†¦The plague was both, physical and psychological because of the effects from the disease. Symptoms of the Plague â€Å"Bubonic plague is the most common variety of the disease.† It was followed by several symptoms: †¢ Swollen lymph nodes †¢ Muscle aches †¢ Sudden onset of fever and chills St. Sebastian’s Association with the Black Death Saint Sebastian was chosen as the patron saint of the Black Death. He was linked to the Black Death because of his survival. He was â€Å"a protector against the plague.† â€Å"According to historical records, he defended the city of Rome against the plague in 680.† (catholic.org) Black Death vs. AIDS â€Å"A total of 65 million people will have died of AIDS over 15 years.† The Bubonic plague has â€Å"wiped out a third of Europe’s population in six terrible years.† The Black Death occurred over seven hundred years ago when resources were limited. Lamptey states, â€Å"It is a serious comparison.† Both diseases destructed families and caused a prevalent amount of deaths. Survival Most people attempting to avoid the plague used tobacco as a favor. Recommended by doctors, people wore lucky charms which became common. â€Å"The Church had a more basic way of protecting yourself against the plague. It recommended prayer and then more prayer.† (historylearningsite.co.uk) Bird-Like Mask â€Å"Physicians treating the plague dressed in eccentric costumes. Plague doctors wore a mask with a bird-like beak to protect themShow MoreRelatedThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague896 Words   |  4 PagesBlack Death The Bubonic Plague was likely the first semi-global pandemic that rightfully merits the name which means affecting all people. The period of time in which the disease wreaked havoc was also known as the â€Å"Black Death. Alexandere Yersin was a French bacteriologist and discovered the bacteria in Hong Kong This diabolical disease is characterized by both positive and negative outcomes for the few people that managed to survive the plague. The total number of people who died subsequentlyRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague1848 Words   |  8 Pages The Bubonic Plague killed over twenty-five million people during the Elizabethan Era (David Perlin, PhD and Ann Cohen). â€Å"The origins of the Black Death can be traced back to the Gobi Desert of Mongolia in the 1320’s (Ed. Geoffrey J. et al).† The Bubonic Plague has picked up many nicknames. For example, it has been called â€Å"The Black Death,† and â€Å"one of the four horsemen of the apocalypseâ €  (Ed. Geoffrey J. et al). The Bubonic Plague was very prominent during its time with many people’s lives beingRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe plague was a catastrophic time in history, and happened more than once. It took millions and millions of people’s lives. It destroyed cities and countries, and many people suffered from it. What is the plague? The plague or referred to as the Black Death, according to the CDC (2015), â€Å"is a disease that affects humans and other mammals and caused by the Yersinia pestis bacteria. Humans usually get plague after being bitten by a rodent flea that is carrying the plague bacterium or by handlingRead MoreThe Plague Of Bubonic Plague1675 Words   |  7 PagesBubonic Plague Ellery Perez Health Science Technology  Made of a canvas outer garment coated in wax, as well as waxed leather pants, gloves, boots and hat. A dark leather hood and mask with a very grotesque curved beak (Jackie Rosenhek, 2011). A serial killer, Halloween costume perhaps or a cosplay outfit for a horror movie? No, a doctor actually is what this outfit was meant for. Doctors wore this attire in the medieval times in order to protect themselves from the bubonic plague. We ve all heardRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague1562 Words   |  7 Pagesquote by Matteo Villani, â€Å"It was a plague that touched people of every condition, age and sex. They began to spit blood and then they died—some immediately, some in two or three days, and some in a longer time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Crash Course World History, Min 6 Sec 43). The plague is known today as: the Bubonic Plague. When the plague eventually found its way into Europe in 1348, an estimated one to two thirds of the whole population was eradicated. But how did th e plague get there in the first place? It mostRead MoreBubonic Plague1154 Words   |  5 PagesBubonic plague is believed to have brought the Byzantine empire to its knees in the 6th century. This is the first ever documented record of bubonic plague in human history. But the fact that bubonic plague continues to afflict human population even today is a matter of concern. Your bubonic plague research paper would revolve around the premise of it being a deadly disease, but we assure you that we won’t scare you by the facts. Bubonic plague is typically differentiated from other infections becauseRead MoreThe Plague Of Bubonic Plague1714 Words   |  7 Pagescharacteristics. The diffusion, history, and cure are just a couple universal aspects that contribute to the well known, yet unforgiving disease known as the Bubonic Plague. The Bubonic Plague diffused to many people during its time of dominance. To start, the Bubonic Plague is transmitted to other living organisms in a distinct way. The plague bacteria circulates among different populations of certain rodents without causing an excessive amount of rodent die-off (â€Å"Centers for Disease Control andRead MoreBubonic Plague2091 Words   |  9 Pageshttp://ponderosa-pine.uoregon.edu/students/Janis/menu.html Abstract Bubonic plague has had a major impact on the history of the world. Caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis, and transmitted by fleas often found on rats, bubonic plague has killed over 50 million people over the centuries. Burrowing rodent populations across the world keep the disease present in the world today. Outbreaks, though often small, still occur in many places. The use of antibiotics and increased scientific knowledgeRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague1386 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bubonic plague has been said to be a part of history since the biblical eras and has had an undeniable effect on the development of contemporary civilization Gowen, B.S. (1907). The cause of the plague is not known. However, there is religious reference of God punishing sinners causing death and destruction using this deadly disease. Throughout the years, there has been a question to be answered by historians and medical professionals. This question is: if the destructive attributes of t heRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague975 Words   |  4 PagesThe Bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death, was a severe outbreak of disease that spread in Europe in the 14th century from 1346-1353. The disease spread faster then originally expected of killing only twenty or thirty percent but killed 60 percent of Europe s population ( Benedictow). It is believed the population of Europe was around eighty million and that would add up to be fifty million deaths. It was a horrific death for one to experience and can still be found in the world today

Reflective Practice Using A Range Of Diagnostic Tools †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Reflective Practice Using A Range Of Diagnostic Tools. Answer: Diagnostic Tools and Reflection The diagnostic tools of communication process are important for understanding my communication style and the subsequent issues associated with it (Shockley-Zalabak, 2014). This essay would comprise of a self-reflection style which would be based on the results of the five diagnostic tools. It would also comprise of a brief literature review concerning the communication issues identified. The third part would comprise of an action plan that would be done to address the communication issues. I have used five diagnostic tools to understand my communication strengths and weaknesses. The first tool was the Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety, which measures the anxiety level of the individuals during the act of speaking in front of an audience (Jensen, 2013). I have scored 48, which shows that I have low anxiety when I am speaking in public. The second diagnostic tool comprised of the willingness to listen, which defines my ability of being a good listener in a workplace setting (Batrinca et al., 2013). I have scored 85 in this test, which indicates that I have moderate willingness to listen. The third diagnostic tool was the Talkaholic scale, which is a tool to measure compulsive communication. This scale is used to identify the quality of the highly verbal people and their issues in being quiet in the presence of other people (Akdemir, 2016). I have scored 16 in this scale, which implies that I am not at all talkative. The low score also indicates the fact that I a m not able to speak even when there is a need situation. The fourth tool is concerned with the personal report of intercultural communication apprehension, which measures the various communication apprehensions in the cross-border context (Sidelinger Bolen, 2016). This intercultural communication apprehension is considered as the sub-category of the general communication system. I have scored 29 in this scale, which indicates that I have low anxiety in intercultural communication apprehension. The fifth diagnostic tool comprised of the non-verbal immediacy scale-self report, which is used to measure the various non-verbal signals of communications while the individuals interact with each other (Neuliep, 2017). It is important to understand that there are major differences in the report based on gender of the individuals. This implies that the reports of the male and the female individuals would vary significantly. I have scored 68 in this scale, which implies that I have negative n on-verbal communication immediacy. Two main issues in Communication I have identified the fact that I have some communication issues which prevents me from expressing myself fully in front of others. I have taken the talkative scale and I find that I am not being able to express my feelings in every situation. I am an introvert and I am basically a reserved kind of person. I am not verbose and would like to express my feelings with few words only. I am self-restrained and like to be quiet in my professional interactions. This often makes me vulnerable in front of others, where people tend to misunderstand me. My inability to express myself with adequate words has often landed me in great trouble. There are instances when I like to listen to others and speak minimum. In such instances, I do feel the need of others to share exact ideas as I am having. I have also identified the fact that I have negative non-verbal communication cues, which often sends the wrong message when I am communicating with people. There are times when I am unable to give appropriate verbal communication cues, but due to inappropriate non-verbal gestures, my message is decoded wrongly by other people. There are times when I am having a tense body position while I communicate with people. Also, I display a bland facial expression sometimes when I talk with people, which make people think that I am not interested in the conversation. Reflection of two recent professional interactions I have faced two recent incidents on which I realized that I do possess the above challenges. These incidents have offended me and also affected the way I interact in a professional domain. I do realize that these communication challenges need to be resolved in an urgent manner so that I can excel in professional life. Once I was giving an interview, in which I was supposed to express myself in a clear and lucid manner. I failed to do so. I was not so nervous but still I preferred to be quieter and listen well to the interviewers. I knew all the answers of the interviewers but was unable to answer them properly. I did not stay silent, but I did not give the appropriate answer also. I was fidgeting and I found it hard to find suitable words to express the answers. I can also remember about another incident in which I appeared in a seminar in which I was giving a presentation in a particular topic. I could well realize that I was having improper body postures and gestures but could not improve myself. I could feel that the audience is slowly getting distracted from my lecture as I was displaying a negative body image. I was also unable to maintain eye to eye contact with the audience as I was afraid of looking into their eyes. I felt that I would forget my speech if I would look at their eyes. This made my overall presentation ineffective in spite of having good slides and good communication skills. These two incidents made me realize that I need to improve these negative communication attributes as it is important to excel in my professional life. I would not be able to climb the steps of the corporate ladder if I do not improve my communication challenges. Literature Review As opined by Booher (2017), the intelligent people often prefer silence over those who are verbose and they often wait for the people to say important things. These kinds of people are often reluctant to use their mouth to communicate and instead they like to perform active listening. These kinds of personalities are also considered as the introverts, who do not their voices to be heard in public. These kinds of people often are busy in their own thinking process and hence do not find the chance or opportunity to express their feelings (Berger Iyengar, 2013). There are instances when they critically analyze every detail in the conversation and hence they are not able to speak easily (Shockley-Zalabak, 2014). The quiet people often have enough matter to say, but they may be unable to find actual words to express their feelings. They do not have the habit of blabbering and they tend to absorb everything that is happening around them. As argued by Matthes and Arendt (2016), the spiral of silence theory is concerned with the explanations that underline the fact why people do not like to speak on matters that actually matters to them. This theory discusses the public opinion as the attitudes through which the individuals are able to express themselves without the fear of making them lonely (Shockley-Zalabak, 2014). There are most people that have the ability to identify the popular opinions at given point of time and they tend to act accordingly. The spiral of silence theory is not bad in every context and it can be well utilized in environments in which there is an alignment of the public opinion towards tolerance (Clemente Roulet, 2015). This theory can be well used in instances when it is important to hide feelings of hate from public disclosures. However, there are times, when this theory can act against the image and goodwill of an individual and there is a resulting distraction from the same. It is important to persuade people to speak their heart out and express their feelings in an appropriate manner. This would not only enhance the level of inter-personal communication but would also allow an increase in the organizational productivity. As commented by Gass and Seiter (2015), the act of being more persuasive leads to being more influential and understanding the needs of the various stakeholders. The scarcity principle believes in the fact that the people tend to get those things that are in short supply (Clemente Roulet, 2015). This particular desire increases when there is an anticipation of the regret that might occur by not acting fast enough in a particular situation (Samovar et al., 2015). As argued by Vogel and Wanke (2016), the Yale Attitude Change Approach, the multiple years of research in Yale University have found out that there are a number of factors that make an audience participate in the discussion in a more active manner. These factors are attractive speaker, credible personality and ideal demographics. The findings of Olsen (2014) reveals that there are four kinds of silences that are used by the individuals in their day to day lives. The silences can be both positive as well as negative depending on the type of the implementation in the present scenario. One of the most hurting kinds of silences is silent treatment in which there is absence of meaningful words and there is often an unwillingness to communicate (Matthes Arendt, 2016). The second type of silence is concerned with awkward silence in which the empty spaces in the conversations often cause uncomfortable and strange feelings (Clemente Roulet, 2015). The third form of silences is concerned with the creating spaces through the uses of silence. This often is involved with the fact that there is a mutual feeling of silence that is important between being silent and having good listening skills (Matthes Arendt, 2016). The fourth type of silence is concerned with the mindful silence in which there is the use of the skill o f reflection of people in which they are more thoughtful and quiet. According to Broadbent (2013), the non-verbal communication is concerned about the receiving and the sending of wordless clues. They are often concerned with the sending of the visual cues such as distance, body language, distance, touch and the physical environments. There is also an involvement of the use of time and maintaining proper eye contact (Matthes Arendt, 2016). The process of non-verbal communication is concerned with the involvement of the unconscious and the conscious processes of decoding and encoding of the information (Matthes Arendt, 2016). The encoding is the process of the generation of the information which is essentially concerned with the gestures, postures and facial expressions (Matthes Arendt, 2016). The act of decoding is concerned with the interpretation of the information from the various received sensations which are being given by the encoder (Sperber Wilson, 2013). Only a small portion of the brain is able to interpret verbal communication and most of the part of the brain is able to respond quickly to non-verbal communication cues. As opined by Mortensen (2017), the sign theory is an increasingly concept used by the organizations in which there is an involvement of three fields such as semantics, pragmatics and syntactic. The study of the semantics is concerned with the study of the use of the relation of signs along with various things. The syntactic is concerned with the study of the relation of signs along with other signs (Matthes Arendt, 2016). The act of pragmatics is concerned with the study of usage of codes in everyday life. The act of the non-verbal code systems is concerned with the general characteristics, analogical, iconicity, universal meaning and the simultaneous transmission (Burgoon, Guerrero Floyd, 2016). The non-verbal communication plays an important role in the communication process since the audience gets the overall impact of the message. The verbal messages are important and the non-verbal cues enhances the quality of the overall messages (Matthes Arendt, 2016). Action Plan The knowledge gaps need to be enhanced as it would lead to the betterment of the professional life. I should take appropriate steps to combat the communication challenges so that there is an improvement of the communication process. I should engage in some steps to make more verbose communication- Listening carefully to the other person so that I can know what should I say next Join public speaking forums and clubs where I would get a variety of people to talk to. This would eliminate the public speaking embarrassment or fear Increase my online presence by opening account in multiple social media websites so that I know the art of expressing my feelings in a clear manner Background research about the person (with whom I would be communicating) and his job role would help me to be prepared and hence I would be able to express my feelings in a more lucid manner I should also give enough attention to the process of non-verbal communication and I should strive to improve the same- Watching myself and my own gestures would allow me to observe others non-verbal cues in a better manner I should try to maintain proper eye contact with my audience or the other communicator Watch interviews of successful persons and observe their non-verbal gestures Reading the audience and estimating their viewpoints is important Give attention to the tone of my voice and try to practice speaking in a polite manner Improve my posture so that I display positive, confident and friendly impression. Activities Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Listening carefully Join public speaking forums Join social media Background research about the communicator/audience Watch my own gestures Maintain proper eye contact Watch interviews of successful persons Reading the audience minds Improve my posture I would measure the effectiveness of each activity at the end of each stage. I would check the output and try to measure it with my communication goals. I should try to constantly review my ow communication issues and evaluate if there have been any improvements. References Akdemir, A. S. (2016). The Development and Validation of Willingness-to-Listen in L2 (WTL) Scale.PASAA: Journal of Language Teaching and Learning in Thailand,51, 127-154. Batrinca, L., Stratou, G., Shapiro, A., Morency, L. P., Scherer, S. (2013, August). Cicero-towards a multimodal virtual audience platform for public speaking training. InInternational Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents(pp. 116-128). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Berger, J., Iyengar, R. (2013). Communication channels and word of mouth: How the medium shapes the message.Journal of Consumer Research,40(3), 567-579. Booher, D. (2017).Communicate Like a Leader: Connecting Strategically to Coach, Inspire, and Get Things Done. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Broadbent, D. E. (2013).Perception and communication. Elsevier. Burgoon, J. K., Guerrero, L. K., Floyd, K. (2016).Nonverbal communication. Routledge. Clemente, M., Roulet, T. J. (2015). Public opinion as a source of deinstitutionalization: A spiral of silence approach.Academy of Management Review,40(1), 96-114. Gass, R. H., Seiter, J. S. (2015).Persuasion: Social influence and compliance gaining. Routledge. Jensen, J. V. (2013).Ethical issues in the communication process. Routledge. Matthes, J., Arendt, F. (2016). Spiral of Silence.The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy. Mortensen, C. D. (Ed.). (2017).Communication theory. Routledge. Neuliep, J. W. (2017).Intercultural communication: A contextual approach. Sage Publications. Olsen, T. (2014).Silences. The Feminist Press at CUNY. Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., McDaniel, E. R., Roy, C. S. (2015).Communication between cultures. Nelson Education. Shockley-Zalabak, P. (2014).Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson. Sidelinger, R. J., Bolen, D. M. (2016). Instructor Credibility as a Mediator of Instructors Compulsive Communication and Student Communication Satisfaction in the College Classroom.Communication Research Reports,33(1), 24-31. Sperber, D., Wilson, D. (2013). 10. PREcIs OF RELEVANCE: COMMUNICATION AND COGNITION.The Semantics-Pragmatics Boundary in Philosophy, 220. Vogel, T., Wanke, M. (2016).Attitudes and attitude change. Psychology Press. Webb-Williams, J. (2017). Science Self-Efficacy in the Primary Classroom: Using Mixed Methods to Investigate Sources of Self-Efficacy.Research in Science Education, 1-23.

The Soliloquies Spoken By Hamlet Were Directed To The Audience, Rather

The soliloquies spoken by Hamlet were directed to the audience, rather than seeming like conversations with himself. In the first soliloquy, Hamlet talks about how aggravated at life he is and that if it weren't for God's laws he would commit suicide. He is not really morning his fathers death in this soliloquy but more his disgust for his mother for marring his uncle especially a few months after his father's death. He then goes on to explain he must remain silent. He is explaining to the audience that nothing can undo the situation to make it any better. But that isn't good enough for Hamlet. Something has to be done. This soliloquy sparks an interest in the reader and provides a glimpse into Hamlet's thoughts while informing the audience of the history of his family's tribulations. In the second soliloquy Hamlet calls on the audience, the "distracted globe", to hear his vow to get revenge on his uncle and to erase all from his mind except that of what the ghost had informed him of. The ghost, Hamlet's father, had explained to him that Claudius had killed him and his soul couldn't rest until revenge was brought onto his brother. The audience hears Hamlet's promise to make Claudius pay for his murderous ways. Already, the audience is excited by hearing Hamlet's promise because it is giving them something to look forward to. In the third soliloquy, Hamlet admits to the audience he is a coward; "What an ass am I!" He then goes on to tell the audience of his new idea to help draw the truth out of Claudius. He believes that the theater can make a person experience real emotion. He finds this remarkable that something fictional can create a reality. But Hamlet admits that he is not sure if the ghost said to be his father is really who he says to be and not the creation of Satan. Now the audience is aware of Hamlet's concerns and maybe what has been holding him back from taking action. But the prince decides to feed on Claudius's conscience by having the players reenact the murder of his father. Then it is up to Claudius's reaction to prove to Hamlet that what the ghost spoke of was in fact the truth. Now the audience had even more of a build up of what is to come. The best-known soliloquy, the fourth, is not as passionate but more subdued. With this speech, Hamlet is not just talking about taking his own life but more the choice that is put before man between accepting insults and pain from the world or fighting back at it. Hamlet poses the question "To be or not to be." Hamlet seems to search for some kind of meaning to life which is something each individual in the audience has contemplated before too. Hamlet seeks to find an answer we all have yearned to know; is there life after death and if so, is the life he leads now any better? Should Hamlet right the wrong his uncle has made? That is what he is asking himself. If he does he will himself be making a morally unjust decision that would weigh down his own conscience. The audience is able to relate with this; everyone has been faced with a moral dilemma more than once in his or her life. "Thus conscience does make cowards of us all." The audience in hearing these words from Hamlet sees tha t Hamlet is incapable of revenge. The audience is always being included in Hamlet's thinking process through the use of soliloquies. By involving the audience in the protagonist's thoughts it helps the real meaning of the play shine through. The audience is told of past events without a narration that can sometimes take away from the play itself. The main characters' thoughts are not always obvious to the audience. By Shakespeare's writings, the audience is always aware of Hamlet's current state of mind.