Thursday, August 27, 2020

Killing Without Emotions

Shaharyar khan Michael Miller CW 1 Date: 05/02/13 Killing Without Emotions â€Å"In World War Two it is actuality that solitary 15 to 20 percent of the solider terminated at the foe. That is one of every five officers really taking shots at a Nazi when he sees one. † (Frisbee Jr) This astounding truth plainly demonstrates that it is so difficult to murder without feelings. The blame or the inclination one gets after he has slaughtered someone is the most exceedingly awful sentiment of his/her life. This reality additionally shows our human instinct. Feelings are the fundamental and vital piece of people. In one manner, people are separated from creatures and deadpan machines.This human instinct of our own makes us think or stops us so as to execute without feelings. When people are designed to be sympathetic and humane not to execute, it is difficult to comprehend why there is such a great amount of slaughtering on the planet? How, with sympathy and empathy, can individuals ex ecute? They should supersede their feelings with more grounded feelings of detest and ideas of direction dependent on their convictions. In the accompanying sections will introduce not many models that will demonstrate why and how a few people supersede their feelings with more grounded feelings dependent on their purpose.A regular case of this is of a self destruction plane. So how these self destruction aircraft are shaped or what is the brain research required behind self destruction bombarding. . Frequently the self destruction aircraft captured in Pakistan are normally young people and are from a poor foundation. They are normally seized on their approach to class or madraassa (strict school) and afterward conditioned. Examination and Today’s media uncovers that self destruction aircraft utilizing their religion as a shield legitimizes what they are doing are right.During indoctrinating they are kept segregated and given deceiving data on the name of the religion. They a re told by the degenerate strict pioneers that executing of the non Muslims are legitimized by their religion. Notwithstanding this they are likewise informed that withering for the sake of their religion will acquire them the position of a martyred. They are additionally conditioned that they will acquire a high position in the sky and streams of milk and nectar and wonderful virgins anticipate. (Yusufzai and Jamal). They are extended to significant expense to land the position done.They are guaranteed that their family will live rich life after their activity is finished. Practically 90% of the self destruction aircraft are ordinary people be that as it may, in the wake of knowing the position they can acquire by passing on for the sake of their religion, change their feelings to murder several blameless people. From this above model it tends to be presumed that they straightforward conquer their feelings with more grounded feelings of procuring high position in Heavens by biting the dust for the sake of the religion, making sure about the lives of their family and complying with the sets of God.Another sort of the individuals who supersede their feelings to slaughter are the fighters. Officers supersede their feelings for specific reasons that they get the hang of during the preparation. During the preparation there are informed that they are the defenders of the land. The lives of their families and their kinsmen rely upon them. In addition, they are prepared with the way that what they are doing is correct and defended and God is with them. The preparation for the fighters keeps on the changing with time to time. The officers are given finished preparing/rehearsing region. The warriors are desensitized by making them take shots at human molded paper targets, drill and afterward to moving targets and spring up targets look sort of human shape making their reaction programmed and focused†. (Dwyer). The preparation zones incorporates a wide range of tr oublesome pathways, underground passages and abrupt appearance of the human formed targets which they have take shots at and bring them down. They are additionally complimented on their first execute which expands their certainty to abrogate their feelings all the more effectively â€Å"In option to this there are tended to legitimately causing them to accept that they really need to murder. (Robinson). â€Å"Often multiple times the present the adversaries in way that doesn't feel like a human; for example they will consider their foes by those names that even don’t look recognizable. Names like â€Å"gook† who realizes what is gook? It doesn't seem like a human or an individual. Half of the desensitizing and dehumanizing is made simpler in introducing an individual that doesn't even to our group or kind. Moreover, saying that God is with us, we are battling for our nation and the individuals and God is glad for us.A parcel of executing is made simpler in this for t he troopers introducing these as an explanation. † (Pomerantz) So, with this sort of preparing and exercises of energy being given to the fighters makes it simpler to supersede to their feelings. In the end I would rehash again that slaughtering without feelings is extremely hard except if you have you don’t defeat your feelings. It takes a great deal of nerve and heart to slaughter without feelings. Works refered to Dwyer, Gwynne. â€Å"Soldiers prepared to execute and post-awful psycho-chatter. Thuppahi's blog, 29 April 2011. Web. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. Yusufzai, Asfaq, and Amna Nasir Jamal. â€Å"Teenagers enrolled, prepared as self destruction aircraft. †Ã‚ Central online Asia. N. p. , 11 04 2011. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Robinson, Steve. â€Å"The effect of slaughtering and how to set up the fighters . †Ã‚ Frontline. Cutting edge, 01 Mar 2001. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Pomerantz, Andrew. â€Å"The effect of murdering and how to set up the warriors . †Ã‚ Frontlin e. Bleeding edge, 01 Mar 2001. Web. 18 Feb 2013.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Explanation of the Internal Control Weaknesses †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Explanation of Internal Control Weaknesses. Answer: Presentation The business associations are viewed as indicating the clarification of the inner control shortcomings as it is being clarified for this situation. The essentialness of the jobs are being clarified by indicating the improvement of the work which is outlining the acknowledgment of the shortcoming as it is being clarified by demonstrating the clarification of the deformities which is being clarified for this situation. The clarifications are encompassing the examination which is being made by demonstrating the clarification of the work and furthermore the articulations are made through alleviating the frail focuses as it is being utilized for indicating the clarification of the work. This is just clarifying crafted by the inward review as it is being made as the clarifications gave to this specific circumstance (Appannaiah, Reddy and Putty, 2010). The frameworks are viewed as demonstrating the proper defending attributes as it is being clarified for this situation. This is just clarify ing the structure of the examination and furthermore it is rotating round the individual arrangements that must be executed for the improvement of the administration and the groups engaged with the work structure. The introduction of the shortcomings are viewed as demonstrating the perspectives which are delineated through clarifying the proper structure for the administration of the functions as embraced for the investigation. Inward Control Weaknesses The kind of the showcases made for demonstrating the depicting the sort of the provisions can be effectively clarified by indicating the showing the colossal digging tools as it is being clarified in this examination and furthermore the portrayal is being made by delineating the improvement of the work by demonstrating the clarification of the focuses as gave beneath (Bragg, 2013). It is basically clarifying the issues as recognized in the administration which is being portrayed by outlining the cures of every shortcoming and are spoken to in the accompanying focuses:- Shortcoming in the executives of credit: The issue is in effect suitably distinguished on account of the credit the executives is clarifying the subtleties by which the administration of the work can be handily clarified. The Everyday Supplies Pty Ltd is outlining the moving consents which are being made by indicating the improvement of the issues as it is being clarified for this situation. This is basically clarifying the structure of the hierarchical morals and furthermore the work is delineated to show the issues as it is being clarified for this situation. The untrustworthy lead made by the director with respect to the administration of the money is outlined (Britton and Waterston, 2013). From this time forward the checking of these endeavors are turning into the critical point for demonstrating the administration of the providing forms with confronting the over obligation positions. This work is representing the cures which can be effortlessly utilized for this situation for th e relief of the issues as it is being introduced. The issue must be settled in that each case by the creation of some changing arranged by gracefully framework. Shortcoming in oversight of receivable record: The best possible spotlight on the issues is being made by representing the record keeping ways which is informed on account of the Everyday supplies constrained. As the case is encompassing the purpose of the accommodating, the structure can be effortlessly spoken to through indicating the introduction of the work as it is being referenced for this situation (Horngren, 2013). Fitting duty must be done by the administration for the improvement and the relief of the issue as it is being recognized for this situation. Shortcoming of money taking care of: The administration is indicating the fitting improvement of the work by introducing the unseemly attempts which is being made for recognizing the interior control estimations. The procedure of the dangers is properly perceived by demonstrating the moderation of the structures that are being utilized through indicating the extension of the work. The improper upgrade of the work is being made by demonstrating the powerful cures and furthermore represented by indicating the inbuilt dangers present in the association (Horngren, 2014). The administration of the work are indicating the suitable administration of the work which must be made by demonstrating the fitting acknowledgment of the money taking care of procedures. The shortcoming of the Bookkeeping: The arrangement and introduction of the budget report is a lot of significant which is the duty of the bookkeepers. The issues are shows the basic tasks that it is records made by wrong judgment (Weil, 2017). The foundation of the exact information and data is so as to alter the records so as to be increasingly significant of the examination. The procedure isn't just the suitable estimation of the qualities yet additionally deciding the mistakes and oversights in the fiscal summaries. The execution of the following data framework will assist with deciding and assess the issues in the fiscal summaries (Powers and Needles, 2012). Indicating the estimation of the exact kind of exchange that are attempted for the individual issues exchanges, and simultaneously of improper administration ought to be so as to evacuate by usage as a stage of cure and furthermore the wrong administration must be expelled by executing this progression as a cure. It addition ally performed by empowering the proper administration can be handily made up. The hazard the executives systems ought to be actualized so as to decide and assess the hazard level. Each Supplied Pty constrained will ready to set up the fiscal reports in a suitable way. The issues of the exchange can be resolved and assessed for the advancement of the association (Horngren, 2014). The estimation of the qualities and readiness ought to be done in a suitable way. In this way for the association of that individual organization of the which is fittingly develop for the development of the examination that it is embraced in this every instance of that individual organization. Benefits: Each of the clients will most likely be unable to utilized the post arranged by bookkeeper that is uncollectable restoration. Each organization so as to get the bookkeeper of the record of the early express that damages the coordinating standards. At the point when the bookkeepers discount the record that is uncollectible, the bookkeeper get the coordinating rules that abuses the misfortune proclamation. The uses can happen in the time of record of beginning deal disregarding the coordinating rule (Schroeder, Clark and Cathey, 2011). Record receivable is alluded to the present resource that shows the due sums from the clients. Hence, in the event that the sums become uncollectible, at that point the record receivable equalization become high. The receivable sum in the composing strategy is considered at the hour of the deal. The progressions influence the estimation of the monetary record. The benefit limit can be a purpose behind the improvement or diminish of the terrible cost introduction (Libby, Libby and Short, 2014). The bookkeepers set up the records and shows the sum that is expected from the clients. In a similar period, the costs can happen that the bookkeepers need to discount on the budgetary position explanation. It might lead that more often than not during the later stage the poor charge charges are spoken to in an ill-advised way demonstrating the benefit of the salary explanation. The estimations of the thing in the budget reports are for the most part affected in a room which is given by the discounting procedure (Chorafas, 2000). Endurance: In this budgetary record, the fairness resources property and the legitimate obligation are appeared through the equalization graph. Human rights and obligation: the human rights and the obligations are administered by the properties and they are capable to pay the charges to the company. Next Completeness, property, liabilities and value adjusts and the report of advantages are put together by the organization in a legitimate manner and the equalization outline ought to uncover appropriately the submitted report. In evaluation and circulation, the estimation of the property, value and the obligation ought to be done and the parity diagram ought to contain the suitable valuation of the previously mentioned things. In the trial of control for money receipts: Occurrence, two clerks ought to be utilized by the organization for rolling and pulling back the check. Those two clerks will deal with the messages, balance and the proposals identified with the installment (Kew and Wa tson, 2012). The record bookkeepers ought to get the diaries identified with the business and which are arranged and posted by the bookkeepers of the organization. The whole cash which is put in the bank ought to have a legitimate record to be submitted to the bookkeepers. In the hour of testimonies all the measure of cash ought to be followed and recorded by the administration and bookkeepers of the organization. for better correspondence and the creation of the income the organization ought to plan increasingly consummate equalization report the measure of cash. In light of the fiscal summary the professional interactions ought to be proceeded. End The business foundation Everyday Supplies framework Pty Ltd needed to confront numerous difficulties because of the nearness of different negative focuses in their inner control framework. The issues looked by the organization can be a significant danger to the business. The presentation of the business association and the administration assists with identifying the negative focuses in their interior control framework. The shortcoming of the inward control framework can be a purpose behind the decrease of the reviewing execution. Distinctive sort of inspecting issues are shows up because of the insufficiency of the inside control and it additionally can be the clarification for the evaluating inconvenience. The development of the firm likewise can be influenced by this issue . References Appannaiah, H., Reddy, P. furthermore, Putty, R. (2010).Financial bookkeeping. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Bragg, S. (2013

Friday, August 21, 2020

What Are The Biggest Barriers To Your Business

What Are The Biggest Barriers To Your Business Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!What Are The Biggest Barriers To Your Business?Updated On 09/02/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : http://hbb.me/2lqRmtB CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWhen youre running your own business, it goes without saying that its not always going to be easy. If thats something that comes as a shock to you, then theres a chance that you might not be cut out for the business world in the first place. Every single business is going to find itself coming up against problems and difficulties. The most important thing is not to let those difficulties get the better of you. In fact, the thing that sets great businesses aside from all of the ones that fail is that the great businesses refuse to let setbacks define them. They learn from them and push forward. But thats not an easy thing to do, and its even harder when you find yourself coming up against something t hat you didnt expect. After all, being prepared is the best way to protect yourself and your business. With that in mind, its important to know what sorts of problems youre going to come up against. Here are a few of the most common barriers that you may find standing in the way of your business.FinancesIt may not be the driving force behind your business, but its a fact of life that no business can succeed without money. Small businesses very often find themselves coming up against the issue of how to actually finance themselves. As the old saying goes, youve got to spend money to make money. Whether its renting a premises, covering shipping costs of paying wages, your business is always going to have outgoings and, especially in the early days, they can be pretty tough to cover. Many business owners will decide to personally finance the business with their own money, of course, thats not always an option for everyone. Its worth seeing if you can source investment in your business, however. The key there is to make sure that you find someone with genuine faith in your business who isnt going to insist on changing it or forcing any decisions on you.Not Being Taken SeriouslyPeople like companies and brands that they recognize, thats just a simple part of human nature. Human beings as a species are inherently opposed to taking risks and trying new things. This can make life extremely difficult when youre trying to establish a new business. The best thing that you can do is to try and engage with potential new customers and show them why they really do need what your business offers. Whether you can offer something that your competitors cant or if you have a product that they didnt even know they were missing, its important to give customers a reason to care. One problem when your business is particularly small is its often difficult to seem legitimate when it might be run out of someones house. If thats the case, then physicaladdress.com is an amazing service th at allows you to set up a dedicated office address for sending and receiving mail. This small touch can make a big difference to the way that your business is able to present itself.READThree Essential Staff Members for Small BusinessNon-committal Business PartnersThis happens far more often than it should, but there will very likely be at least one person involved in your business who simply isnt pulling their weight. If youre really lucky and everyones working just as hard as each other, then thats great, but for most businesses, theres always going to be a weak link. This person might have seemed incredibly enthusiastic about the business at first, but as the amount of work that needed to be done started to pile up, suddenly they lost interest. The first way to avoid this is to only go into business with people who are sure that they are willing to put in the necessary amounts of time and effort. The other important thing is to have specific roles and responsibilities written int o your own contracts and business agreements. That way theres no chance of someone shirking their responsibilities and palming them off onto somebody else. A business should be like a clock, with each gear perfectly in place to keep it ticking. If theres one gear thats not working properly, then it can bring the whole thing grinding to a halt. Make sure that everyone involved in your business is working for the same goal, for the sake of your business.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Mbti Assessment A Self Report Questionnaire - 852 Words

MBTI is a self-report questionnaire designed to detect an individual personality type. By taking this questionnaire, someone can be able to understand their gifts, strengths, motivation and potential area of growth. MBTI assessment was developed in 1943 by Katharine cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Myers. Their inspiration came from ideas of a Swiss psychiatrist named Carl Jung whose theory stated that people are innately different. His terms were people take information differently, see the world differently and make decision differently. According to Katharine cook, there are sixteen personality types base on four dichotomy. The four dichotomy are Extraversion (E) verses introversion (I), this is where people focus their attention in order to get their energy. Extraversion get their energy from outer world of interaction and doing. They act first, reflect and then act further. Introverts energy come from their inner world of thought and reflection. They reflect, act, and reflect more before doing. The second dichotomy is Sensing (S) verses intuition (N); the way you take information in. A sensing person prefer to trust experience and what is real while using common sense. On the other hand, an Intuitive person enjoy surprises at all times, they are flexible and adaptable. The third dichotomy is thinking (T) verses feeling (F), it simply explores how we make decisions. Thinking individuals naturally search for principals and use logic when making decisions. FeelingShow MoreRelatedThe Myers Briggs Type Indicator1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) â€Å"is an introspective self-report questionnaire designed to indicate psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions† (13). It is one of several personality assessments that is popular among modern mental health experts throughout the world. Currently, it is estimated that the MBTI is â€Å"taken by more than two million people per year and is translated into 16 languages (10). â€Å"The purpose of the Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Type Indicator ( Mbti ) Are Both Personality Assessments Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birkman Method and The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) are both personality assessments. The Birkman Method is based on the theories of Dr. Roger W. Birkman and the work of Dr. Roy B. Mefferd, Jr. and Dr. Timothy G. Sadler. The MBTI is based on the theories of Dr. Carl Gustav Jung and the work of Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers. Both are no n-clinical assessments. The working manuals for both assessments have recognized and documented, content, construct, criterion-related validitiesRead MoreThe Mbti Assessment963 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership: The MBTI Assessment The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality assessment that helps to assess one s psychological preferences based on a psychometric questionnaire. These preferences were extracted from the typological theories proposed by Carl Gustav Jung writings in his book Psychological Types . The MBTI focuses on normal populations and emphasizes the value of naturally occurring differences. [1] Also recognized commonly as a behavioral assessment tool, the MBTI uses aRead MoreThe Nomothetic Approach in Personality Testing1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe Nomothetic approach is an approach to personality assessment. The term comes from the Greek word nomos which means law. In an online dictionary homothetic is defined as giving or establishing laws. Look for universal laws of behaviour. It is based on traditional, classical science. In psychology the nomothetic approach focuses on people in general, trying to find regularities or laws between people. The approach was proposed by a German philosopher Wilhelm Windelband in the 19th century.Read MoreMyers Briggs Type Indicator : Instrument Evaluation Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pageseach year since its first publication† (Myers Briggs Foundation, 2016). This instrument is trusted to identify personality types and measure preferences of an individual based on answers to a questionnaire. The MBTI has many applications and is a respected personality assessment today. History of MBTI Carl Jung was born in 1875 in Switzerland. His parents had very opposite personalities which could have contributed to the theory he later developed (Feist, Feist, Roberts, 2013). Like many psychologistsRead MoreAssessment Tools Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: ASSESSMENT TOOLS 1 Assessment Tools Paper Liberty University EDUC 307 June 1, 2016 Abstract The beauty in teaching is watching the brains of your scholars grow with knowledge. As educators we frequently use various tools to assess the gains that our scholars make. In order to successfully instruct intentional lessons, it is important to collect data about scholar interests, ability/intellectualRead MoreReasons For Referral And Background Information1689 Words   |  7 Pagesbackground information Reasons for referral The referral of the client was done on the basis of evaluation and assessment by the clinical psychiatrist at the Williamsburg Mental Health Center after the school psychologist discovered that she has undergone some behavioral problems which are symptoms of depression as well as a mental illness (Asendorpf, 2003). The nature of this assessment takes a while since various steps and procedures need to be taken and to conduct various tests and be able to comeRead MoreThe Big Five Personality Traits Essay1987 Words   |  8 Pagesextraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Openness to experience refers to elements such as creativity, intelligence, curiosity towards a diversity of interests and experiences (Ko Lin, 2016). Conscientiousness represents volition, dependability, self-discipline and achievement-orientation of an individual (Costa McCrae, 2008). It was found to have the most impact on employment efficiency (Barrick Mount, 1991) as it comprises traits such as perseverance , responsibility, diligence, meticulousnessRead MoreExecutive Summary : Partex Star Group1370 Words   |  6 Pagesand FMCG products. They have started expanding the business in India and Singapore as well. The leadership assessment of Md. Quamruzzaman, COO and AKM Tariqul Islam, Head of Human Resources revealed their concern to change leadership structure in the organization. Their goal is to develop exemplary leaders in the organization and adopt the finest leadership culture. The purposes of this report are to address the current leadership style within the organization compared it with the rest of the industryRead MoreIntegrative Assessment Proposal And Budget Essay2112 Words   |  9 Pages Integrative Assessment Proposal and Budget Jaclyn Stapleton Psyc 6123 Yorkville University Abstract In the proposal I will be outlining is Scenario C working as a counselor in a High School to assess students for learning difficulties, behavioral problems and assisting with career planning. In this proposal I will be summarizing the development for proposing assessment tools for student within the High School (Age 12-18 years old). Within the proposal

Thursday, May 14, 2020

The Nature Nurture Controversy 20th Century Present

History of the Nature-Nurture Controversy: 20th Century-Present Mary Truong University of Regina The nature-nurture controversy is an age-old dispute that has been debated since at least the time of Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.E). According to the nature stance, who we are as individuals, that is, our physical characteristics, personality, intelligence, and how we behave, is biologically inherited, now known through our genetics. Hippocrates for instance, posited that human behaviour was linked to our bodily fluids, which he referred to as humors. Four personality types were identified that were related to four humors: choleric, or yellow bile was associated with being hot-tempered; sanguine or blood to confidence;†¦show more content†¦Galton was greatly influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution and natural selection. At the time, it was believed that selection could be used to eliminate society of a host of undesirable traits. Heredity however, was understood differently as most scientists of the time believed that the impact of environment was directly transmitte d to offspring. Immorality and illness was thus understood to be inherited the same way as eye or hair color. This also meant that if potential parents developed good health and habits, these too would be passed down to the next generation (Fischer, 2012). With all this mind, Galton defined eugenics (from the Greek, good birth) to mean ‘the science of improving the inherited stock of a population, not only by judicious matings, but by all other means’ (Galton, 2005). Galton frequently wrote about breeding, emphasizing the idea that humanity could improve itself by putting the same effort into our own breeding that was put into breeding livestock. This idea, together with the 1900 rediscovery of Mendel’s hereditary experiments fueled the eugenics movement that took place in the early 20th century. Galton’s word and concept spread rapidly in the early 20th century. The Eugenics Education Society was founded in London, England in 1907 and annual International Eugenics Conferences were held since 1912, attracting luminaries such as Winston Churchill. Canada’s own Tommy Douglas was also aShow MoreRelatedThe Meaning of Nature and Nurture in Psychology Essay1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe Meaning of Nature and Nurture in Psychology The nature nurture dichotomy is a theme always present in many areas of psychology. But is it right to talk about it as a dichotomy? , Certainly not. To say so would be like stating that they never act together, that they are contradictory and exclusive oneRead MoreRaising Children in a Homosexual Household Does it affect them? 1639 Words   |  7 Pagesone’s sexual preference, but how well one takes care of that child emotionally, physically, financially, and mentally. Before the 20th, century children were often seen as miniature versions of adults so there was little consideration to children development in cognitive and physical development. The interest of child development did not peak until the early 20th century. Conscientious parenting happens not only within traditional nuclear families, but also within homosexual families. Both traditionalRead MoreThai Elephants and Its Significant to Thai Culture and History2061 Words   |  9 Pagessignificant to Thai Culture and History The elephant, the giant size animal with enormous power and gentle heart, is a living creature that have special place in Thai’s heart. It has been the icon of Thai tradition, culture and royal power through centuries since the old Siam. The thousand and thousand years of relationship between Thai people and elephants are even recorded and can be found abundantly on the pages of Thai’s historical book. Because of their long association, it surely can be said thatRead MoreThe Roots Of The American Revolution3085 Words   |  13 PagesAmericans; that is, amidst the American Revolution. It was during that time when the colonists residing in the thirteen British-established colonies came to the startling decision to break away from their mother country—Great Britain, whose gracious nurture and aid for the colonists became stifling tyranny and injustice—that a new belief flowered within their hearts. In the Declaration of Independence, the nation’s Fo unding Fathers claimed that, should a government be incapable of protecting the naturalRead MoreWhat is Cognitive Development Theory?1823 Words   |  8 PagesConstructivism will always be present. 3. The influences of society will always limit the growth of a persons cognitive development. Over the years cognitive development has been linked to many controversies, the largest of these is the debate of nature vs. nurture. The question debated was whether or not a persons cognitive development is influenced more by their genetics (nature) or through real life experiences (nurture), this debate lasted through most of the 20th century. Fortunately, this argumentRead MoreEugenics : Past Shames, Future Hopes2185 Words   |  9 Pagesaddition to its fascinating, and vastly growing, advancements in the area of eugenics. The imminent debates resulting from the conflicting moral and ethical implications arising from the inception, development and evolution of eugenics past and present are of interest. A.R.T. (assisted reproductive technology) is in competition for this main point position as it relates to the general public s growing interest and possible dependency on this process to guarantee desired result choices (medical/nonmedical)Read MoreEnvironmental Ethics4554 Words   |  19 Pagesneglecting any other life form, which is called Speciesism. Spinoza came up with the limitations of Anthropocentrism. He argued that the utility of things assessed by human beings as useful might not be totally accurate. He says that all the things present in the universe have a unique value. A latest view developed implies that human purpose is a safe and secure propagation and they are central because only they will be able to survive even after the duration of the sun. Stakeholders involved in theRead MoreEssay on Fundamentalism and Inerrancy of Scripture5400 Words   |  22 PagesInerrancy as an Issue in the Fundamentalist Movement: 1900 to the Present. A Paper Submitted to Dr. Homer Massey In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course History of Christianity II CHHI 525 By, Johnny walker INERRANCY OF THE SCRIPTURES Outline Fundamentalism is a type of religious reaction to all forms of modernity. Within Christianity this phenomenon is mostly characteristicRead MoreThe Importance of Demography to Development11868 Words   |  48 Pagespeople in general. It is a social science involving the study of the social lives of people, groups, and societies, sometimes defined as the study of social interactions. It is a relatively new academic discipline which evolved in the early 19th century. Because sociology is such a broad discipline, it can be difficult to define, even for professional sociologists. One useful way to describe the discipline is as a cluster of sub-fields that examine different dimensions of society. For example, socialRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 PagesVygotsky’s Theory Case’s Neo-Piagetian Theory How Language Develops 02-EdPsy-Chap02-6123 8/22/06 3:33 PM Page 33 N o bubble is so iridescent or floats longer than that blown by the successful teacher. Sir William Osler Canadian Physician, 20th Century Teaching Stories: Debra Bankay Debra Bankay is an elementary-school teacher who, wanted students to use their research skills to learn prior to her certification in Ontario, taught at a private about the Fathers of Confederation. I also wanted

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Egoism By Thomas Hobbes And Immanuel Kant - 1660 Words

Egoism can be described as the theory of solely acting towards the advancement and good of one’s own self, without any other causes for action. While egoism has been interpreted differently throughout history, the two variants of egoism conceived by Thomas Hobbes and Immanuel Kant are widely considered today to be theoretically bound and consistent. The egoism, described by Hobbes, conceives egoism as a fully psychological motive that is within the minds of all human beings, who think only of their own goals and interests and never of anyone else. On the other hand, the more standard or ethical variant, supported by Immanuel Kant, proposes that people should be motivated to a certain extent, regardless of the factors that currently†¦show more content†¦According to Thomas Hobbes, the human soul is comprised of three key parts. The first being that there is no end to one’s restless desire for power; the second being that there are inherent differences in certai n strengths and passions that hinder individuals to use intellect to settle value disputes; the last being that all desire is relative and without a hierarchy of value. So, to the question, â€Å"Why can’t human beings just achieve happiness and settle?†, Hobbes describes this inability to satisfy oneself with the apparent egoism within each individual. For instance, Hobbes states within the Leviathan that men have the right to all things. â€Å"The liberty each man has to use his own power for the preservation of his own nature, of his own life, and of doing anything, in his own judgment he should conceive to be the aptest means thereto† (Hobbes, Leviathan, XIV, 8). Here, he supports his theory on egoism by stating that every man has the power to maintain his respective life and thus will use the power for his own preservation of his power to reach his desires to the highest degree possible. An example of a person that could be argued to highlight this certain attribute of power that derives from egoism would be a self-driven politician. A politician who always vies for a higher political standing exudes a sense of psychological egoism that pertains to the drive to gain power for his ownShow MoreRelatedTest Bank For Ethics For The Information Age 5th Edition Mike Quinn4321 Words   |  18 Pagestheory is an example of a) relativism. b) objectivism. c) egoism. d) existentialism. e) materialism. 48. Which of the following is an argument in favor of the divine command theory? a) The divine command theory is not based on reason. b) It is fallacious to equate â€Å"the good† with â€Å"God.† c) God is all-knowing. d) Some moral problems are not addressed directly in scripture. e) The Bible has contradictory moral teachings. 49. Ethical egoism is a) not based on reason or logic. b) based on determiningRead MoreEthics And The Principles Of Ethics1608 Words   |  7 Pagesthe outcome. Utilitarianism is the opposite of egoism where the action is driven solely by self-interest. There are two main derivatives of utilitarianism; act utilitarianism which is based on outcomes of individual actions, and rule utilitarianism which focuses more on the outcomes in general of the types of actions. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill were both instrumental in developing the utilitarian theories (Nathanson, 2015). Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are theRead MoreThe Supreme Court Of Virginia3442 Words   |  14 Pagesunveiling these necessary building blocks: the religious and the secular. Religious theories of moral reasoning hold that there is one â€Å"good† and one standard of rightness. This belief is based on the existence of a Higher Authority. For example, Thomas Aquinas argued that the lex aeterna (eternal law) was God s plan for the universe conceived by divine reason, that the lex divina (divine law) was the revelation of the lex aeterna in the Scriptures, and that the lex naturalis (natural law) was theRead MoreEthc-445 Principles of Ethics Final Exam Answers1948 Words   |  8 Pageswith each description below. 1. (TCOs 2, 4, 5, 6) The idea that the assisted suicide of terminally ill patients should be allowed simply at the patient’s direction reflects what type of ethics? (Points : 5) Hobbes’ State of Nature Rand’s Objectivism Aristotle’s concept of Virtue Thomas Aquinas’ concept of conscience Socrates’ concept of excellence 2. (TCOs 1, 2, 7) What is the moral ideal of temperance? (Points : 5) Exercising control over one’s own desires and inclinations Keeping one’sRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pages and its relation to various political systems[8]. In this period the crucial features of the philosophical method were established: a critical approach to received or established views, and the appeal to reason and argumentation. [pic] [pic] St. Thomas Aquinas [edit] Medieval philosophy (c. A.D. 500–c. 1350) Main article: Medieval philosophy Medieval philosophy is the philosophy of Western Europe and the Middle East during what is now known as the medieval era or the Middle Ages, roughly extendingRead MoreMilitary Service Is The Duty Of All Citizens Of A State1768 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"present ruin of Italy† as â€Å" caused by nothing else but the reliance placed on mercenary troops for so many years†. He goes on to argue that â€Å"a republic which has its own citizen army is far less likely to be subjugated by one of its own citizens†. Immanuel Kant furthered this argument in his liberalist writings, particularly Perpetual Peace (1795) and Doctrine of Right (1797). He saw the citizen militia system â€Å"as the ideal defense system of democracies† because they â€Å"make it more improbable that war-proneRead MoreThe Legal, Ethical, And Social Responsibility Ramifications Of Anheuser Busch Inbev s Beer Products4850 Words   |  20 PagesAnalysis The Kantian ethical theory does not agree with the utilitarian ethical theory. Immanuel Kant’s theory is based on deontological moral theory which says that â€Å"the rightness or wrongness of actions does not depend on their consequences† but on whether they fulfill the principle of duty or the basic moral principles (Jackson, 2013). Kant’s basic moral principle is called â€Å"categorical imperative.† For Kant, there is an unconditional command and all of morality depended on it (Hinman, 2012). ThereRead MoreWewewewewe6226 Words   |  25 Pagescommitted, of course — then, conveniently, what they are doing has no relevance to what we ought to do. A famous story is told about Thomas Hobbes, the 17th-century English philosopher, who argued that we all act in our own interests. On seeing him give alms to a beggar, a cleric asked Hobbes if he would have done this if Christ had not commanded us to do so. Yes, Hobbes replied, he was in pain to see the miserable condition of the old man, and his gift, by providing the man with some relief from thatRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 Pages3- PHILOSOPHICAL: 55 2.31- Contribution Of In Ethics By The Source Of Philosophical Systems: 55 2.32- Contribution of Aristotle: 57 2.33- Contributions By Other Important Philosophers: 58 2.34- Rights Theory: 64 2.35- Contribution By KANT: 65 2.36- Contribution By ROSS: 66 2.4- CULTURAL: 68 2.5- LEGAL SYSTEM: 71 2.6- CODES OF ETHICS: 74 2.61- Company Codes: 74 Code of ethics (corporate or business ethics) 74 code of ethics(business of ethics) 75 Code of conduct

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Organizational Behavior for Organizational Level- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss the importance of attitude in relation to behavior at the individual level, group level and organizational level. Answer: Introduction: As emphasized by P. Robins Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and organizational structure have on behavior within the organization, for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organizational effectiveness. In order to run the entire process of business by maintaining business sustainability the significance of organizational behavior is undeniable. Numerous eminent scholars have provided their own opinion regarding the overall concept of organizational behavior. As per the point of view of some of the contemporary scholars every organization has to follow a proper culture and discipline in order to maintain the rhythmic flow of business. Kehoe and Wrigh (2013) opined that while maintaining individual performance employees have to maintain an effective communication with each other. Employees are from different cultural and religious backgrounds and attitudes. While taking a particular business decisio n the business managers have to face numerous psychological barriers. Consequently the business managers have to face innumerable difficulties in making an effective decision regarding the business goal. This specific study has focused to make an in-depth analysis on how attitude leaves a major impact on the overall performance level of an individual, group as well as of an organization. Based on the job satisfaction level of an individual the attitude and dedication level towards the organizational services vary. Discussion: As per the point of view of Mowday, Porter and Steers (2013) the performance level of an individual is highly dependent on the co-operation and support of business managers with the help of which a particular organizational employee gains the confidence of meeting the business target within proper time. It has been observed that large number of business managers within a specific organization do not intend to communicate with the employees properly due to linguistic barrier, cultural barrier or psychological barriers. As a result, those employees who fail to communicate with the organizational managers properly for language barrier have to face innumerable difficulties in performing well for reaching the business target. Business managers with the help of participative form of leadership style should focus on communicating with the employees in such a way that the employees do not have to face difficulties in sharing their problems and challenges facing at the workplace. As per the o pinion of Kark and Shamir (2013), business managers within the organization intend to use autocratic form of leadership style. With the help of autocratic form of leadership style organizational managers intend to impose their own decision on the employees. As a result, employees get least opportunity in sharing their own opinion regarding the improvement of business process. Due to the lack of co-operation from business experts employees fail to get proper support and motivation in performing well. The lack of employee motivation is one of the most effective reasons of being dissatisfied towards the performances. If the employees fail to get job satisfaction the rate of employee turnover increases. At the same time, employees do not intend to maintain organizational behavior. The communication gap between the business managers and the employees increases automatically. In this kind of situation, business managers automatically fail to maintain the systematic flow of business. As emphasized by Sallis, Owen and Fisher (2015) the attitude of an individual business manager is highly important in maintaining the rhythmic flow of business. In some of the cases, it has been observed that due to the lack of personality and management skill the business managers fail to keep a constant control over the entire process of business. In addition, organizational behavior leaves a major impact on overall all performance level of group as well. Shin, Taylor and Seo (2012) opined that group discussion is highly effective for sharing necessary knowledge and information regarding the business. Before changing a particular business strategy and policy organizations always intend to make an effective group discussion by involving employees for getting collective information. This specific scholar believes that group performance is more significant than the individual one. With the help of an effective group performance the employees as well as the manager get the scope to exchange thoughts and ideas regarding the business strategies and policies. The ideal attitude of a business manager should be keeping trust on the group members at workplace. Managers with the help of democratic form of leadership style make an effective session where employees are allowed to share their own opinion regarding the business goal. With th e equal co-operation of both the managers and the employees the organization gains image and reputation for performing well. If the managers and the employees are able to maintain a business project in a collaborative way the entire process of organizational behavior is automatically maintained. Therefore, this specific study has focused to make an in-depth analysis about the importance of collaboration among the team members in order to achieve the success of business. Hsiung (2012) opined that large number of business organizations is there where the organizational managers do not keep a trust on the overall employee performance. Therefore, before taking any particular business decision the organizational managers do not wait for taking the decision from employees. In this kind of situation, the employees show their extreme level of reluctance in performing well for gaining organizational image and reputation. In order to overcome this barrier various eminent scholars have provided numerous solutions. The business managers can deal with the organizational employees in such a way that employees get the scope of participating in group discussion. As emphasized by Avey, Wernsing and Palanski (2012), it is undeniable that the entire success of a business organization is highly dependent on the performance level of employees. Therefore, the primary responsibility of managers is to make a good rapport with every individual. However, this specific study has focused to make an in-depth overview on how the group involvement is highly effective in maintaining organizational behavior. At the same time, it is also undeniable that group involvement encourages every single employee in meeting business target as well as maintaining organizational discipline. The importance of attitude and organizational behavior in organizational level is also very important. In order to perform well towards the business service the organizational managers should have a commitment with the employees. While dealing with the employees belonging to different geographical boundaries and culture the business experts have to focus on maintaining some ethics, values and culture. They need to treat every employee with equal respect and dignity. DiPaola and Tschannen-Moran (2014) stated that employees should be judged as per their performance level rather than their skills and talents. At the same time, if any individual employee is not flexible enough in making effective communication the business managers should provide proper training and development session to that individual. This particular training and development session would be helpful for enhancing the performance level of an employee. Therefore, the business managers would be able to make effective co mmunication (Vaccaro et al. 2012). After evaluating the entire study about the importance of attitude in relation to behavior at the individual level, group level and organizational level it can be stated that employee performance is highly dependent overall structure and culture of a particular organization. Therefore, employees should be motivated at the workplace. Automatically organizational behavior as well as culture would be maintained. The overarching concept of Organizational citizenship behavior represents an employees volunteer commitment apart from going the contractual allocation. As stated by Schaubroeck et al. (2012), an individual employee tends to show interest in taking overburden of an organization only when they will get additional benefits and facilities from the employers. It has been observed that large number of business organizations tend to implement reward and recognition policy for appreciating the endeavor of employees. In addition, the business organizations intend to provide additional bonus and incentives to the employees for motivating themselves in giving additional effort (Bissing?Olson et al. 2013). This particular organizational strategy is highly effective in maintaining organizational behavior. At the same time, it is undeniable that organizational behavior is maintained at the workplace only when employees get motivated towards the performances. Conclusion: This specific study has focused to evaluate critically about the importance of attitude in relation to behavior at the individual level, group level and organizational level. In last five years, it has been observed that business organizations are unable to maintain an effective employee relation as well as organizational behavior. Communication barrier, psychological barriers, cultural barriers are the specific reasons due to which business managers face difficulties in making a rapport with the employees. This particular study has critically evaluated on how individual, group as well as organizational factors leave a major impact on maintaining the organizational behavior. The importance of attitude of business managers is having major significance in making rapport with business employees. Numerous eminent scholars have been chosen who have provided their own point of view regarding the impact of attitude in maintaining organizational behavior. The arguments of the eminent scholar s have been critically analyzed. Reference List: Avey, J.B., Wernsing, T.S. and Palanski, M.E., 2012. Exploring the process of ethical leadership: The mediating role of employee voice and psychological ownership.Journal of Business Ethics,107(1), pp.21-34. Bissing?Olson, M.J., Iyer, A., Fielding, K.S. and Zacher, H., 2013. Relationships between daily affect and pro?environmental behavior at work: The moderating role of pro?environmental attitude.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(2), pp.156-175. DiPaola, M. and Tschannen-Moran, M., 2014. Organizational citizenship behavior in schools and its relationship to school climate.Journal of School Leadership,11(5), pp.424-447. Hsiung, H.H., 2012. Authentic leadership and employee voice behavior: A multi-level psychological process.Journal of business ethics,107(3), pp.349-361. Kark, R. and Shamir, B., 2013. The dual effect of transformational leadership: Priming relational and collective selves and further effects on followers. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 77-101). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), pp.366-391. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Sallis, J.F., Owen, N. and Fisher, E., 2015. Ecological models of health behavior.Health behavior: theory, research, and practice. 5th ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp.43-64. Schaubroeck, J.M., Hannah, S.T., Avolio, B.J., Kozlowski, S.W., Lord, R.G., Trevio, L.K., Dimotakis, N. and Peng, A.C., 2012. Embedding ethical leadership within and across organization levels.Academy of Management Journal,55(5), pp.1053-1078. Shin, J., Taylor, M.S. and Seo, M.G., 2012. Resources for change: The relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees' attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change.Academy of Management Journal,55(3), pp.727-748. Vaccaro, I.G., Jansen, J.J., Van Den Bosch, F.A. and Volberda, H.W., 2012. Management innovation and leadership: The moderating role of organizational size.Journal of Management Studies,49(1), pp.28-51. Zhu, W., Sosik, J.J., Riggio, R.E. and Yang, B., 2012. Relationships between transformational and active transactional leadership and followers' organizational identification: The role of psychological empowerment.Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management,13(3), p.186.

Friday, April 10, 2020

Sales and Inventory Systems free essay sample

Yakult was introduced to the Philippines in 1978. Its popularity among Filipinos has significantly grown in the past 33 years. There are two main companies in the Philippines, the Yakult Philippines Incorporated (YPI) and Yakult Marketing Corporation (YMC). We will write a custom essay sample on Sales and Inventory Systems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yakult Philippines Incorporated (YPI), an independent company, is a manufacturer and wholesale retailer of Yakult products from Yakult Honsha Co. LTD Japan with a joint venture and shares of investment of 60% for Filipinos and 40% for the Japanese investors. The factory is located in Barrio Makiling, Calamba, Laguna. They have twenty-five distributors from Luzon to Mindanao, supplying the whole country especially wholesale clients. The Yakult Marketing Corporation (YMC) retails their products and incorporates the Yakult Lady System that started in Metro Manila and NCR, then adapted by distributors all over the country. The Prohealth Sales Distributor Corporation which is the exclusive Yakult distributor in La Union started its operation in March 15, 2004. The Company orders its stocks from the Yakult Philippines Incorporated (YPI) and also adapted the Yakult Lady system of the Yakult Marketing Corporation (YMC). There are three branches in La Union and the Main Office is located in Bauang, La Union. The other branches are in Agoo which started in 2005 and Bangar that recently opened last 2011. The Main office receives the stocks ordered from YPI, and then distributes it to the other two branches. For the wholesale, the main office sells the product to all establishments that intend to resell the product. They deliver the products depending on the order or demand of the client. Every day, the main office deliver stocks to the Yakult Ladies, some just go directly to the main office to pay the stocks unpaid so that they can order again. There is an official receipt issued by the main office to the Yakult Ladies that is being manually recorded in order to make the daily sales and collection report at the end of the day. Making the sales report for the Yakult Ladies is a part of the motivational factor, for them to know how much they profit or loss of income and why their sales are going down. It will also become the basis of the company for how much promotional support they will give on the month of December in terms of gifts and other benefits. All the three branches make the daily sales report, the branch in Agoo and Bangar upload and send its reports in the main office in order to be compiled in the Main office. The sales report is made by the company’s secretary, and then thoroughly checked y the supervisor. The computation of the sales report is made in order to compute the sales and profit of the company. The inventory count of stocks must tally onto the sales report in order for the company to monitor the number of stocks distributed day by day. If the sales report and inventory count did not tally, then the processes must be repeated until they meet tally. Hence, the study was propose d to help the processes in Prohealth Distributor Sales Corporation easier, faster and to refrain from human error. Due to growing number of employees, the sale monitoring system if done manually was a lot to handle and time consuming. They need a computerized sales monitoring and inventory system that will make the computation tasks faster. Aside from its accuracy, the proposed system also aims to enhance and provide a better way to store information in a secured manner. The study will be implemented first in the Main Office of the Prohealth Sales Distributor Corporation La Union in order to pilot test the system software being proposed.

Monday, March 9, 2020

Free Essays on Ed Gein

For my Psychology portfolio I chose to present the movie Ed Gein. This movie is a psychological thriller based on the life of America’s first famous serial killer. Ed Gein, a reclusive farmer who was convicted for necrophila, cannibalism, and murder is a unique story. The fact that Ed Gein’s below average childhood evolved a deranged murderer declared criminally insane was very interesting. After watching Ed Gein I was propelled to understand the psychosis behind this man and his true story. Born at the turn of the century into the small farming community of Plainfield, Wisconsin, Gein lived a repressive and solitary life on the family homestead with a weak, ineffectual older brother and domineering mother who taught him from an early age that sex, women, and anything impure was a sinful thing abominable to God. One time when Augusta, his mother, viciously beat him with a belt because he was caught masturbating. Despite tongue-lashings and the overt physical abuse, Gein adored his mother. He called her a devout Christian woman and a saint. He had little adoration for his father who was unattached, verbally abusive man to the entire family. Shortly after the death of his father, Gein killed his brother out of rage and utter disgust when he called their mother a brute hag. His mother died unknowing of this fact one year later. She left her son a thirty-nine-year-old bachelor, still emotionally enslaved to the tyranny his parents contributed to his life. Ed ran the family's 160-acre farm by himself. He was alone for the first time. Physically speaking, Gein was an average man with a regular build, brown hair and light eyes. He was simply seen as a shy, harmless and eccentric farmer. Some residents considered him â€Å"safe† enough to baby-sit their kids. However, he still missed his family and in his solitude, Gein began to withdraw from reality. Cognition was adequate and working in this man. He had the ability to ... Free Essays on Ed Gein Free Essays on Ed Gein For my Psychology portfolio I chose to present the movie Ed Gein. This movie is a psychological thriller based on the life of America’s first famous serial killer. Ed Gein, a reclusive farmer who was convicted for necrophila, cannibalism, and murder is a unique story. The fact that Ed Gein’s below average childhood evolved a deranged murderer declared criminally insane was very interesting. After watching Ed Gein I was propelled to understand the psychosis behind this man and his true story. Born at the turn of the century into the small farming community of Plainfield, Wisconsin, Gein lived a repressive and solitary life on the family homestead with a weak, ineffectual older brother and domineering mother who taught him from an early age that sex, women, and anything impure was a sinful thing abominable to God. One time when Augusta, his mother, viciously beat him with a belt because he was caught masturbating. Despite tongue-lashings and the overt physical abuse, Gein adored his mother. He called her a devout Christian woman and a saint. He had little adoration for his father who was unattached, verbally abusive man to the entire family. Shortly after the death of his father, Gein killed his brother out of rage and utter disgust when he called their mother a brute hag. His mother died unknowing of this fact one year later. She left her son a thirty-nine-year-old bachelor, still emotionally enslaved to the tyranny his parents contributed to his life. Ed ran the family's 160-acre farm by himself. He was alone for the first time. Physically speaking, Gein was an average man with a regular build, brown hair and light eyes. He was simply seen as a shy, harmless and eccentric farmer. Some residents considered him â€Å"safe† enough to baby-sit their kids. However, he still missed his family and in his solitude, Gein began to withdraw from reality. Cognition was adequate and working in this man. He had the ability to ...

Saturday, February 22, 2020

Work Based Learning in the Creative and Cultural Industries Assignment - 2

Work Based Learning in the Creative and Cultural Industries - Assignment Example The information that is being given to the public continues to be announced, specifically with a relation to updates about the flu, how it is spreading and what an individual can do for prevention and treatment (Flu.Gov). The main concepts that are associated with the swine flu, even though it is based on prevention and treatment, has led to further questions about the attitudes toward this epidemic. It has been found that the swine flu outbreak is one that is not only based on health and prevention. Instead, the media has created a further epidemic through the amount of knowledge that they have received as well as through the hype that has been created around the flu. The limited evidence, knowledge and the idea of the risk where millions will die has created a different culture and attitude surrounding the swine flu. The influence of the media is one that has altered the understanding and legitimacy of the flu and has created a different culture related to the vaccinations and seriousness surrounding this virus (Goldacre, 2009). To find the true beliefs of culture and society about the swine flu, as well as the impact of the media, I have interviewed a variety of individuals. The questions asked relate to the legitimacy of the flu as well as the information and understanding of what is a part of this epidemic. The results show that, there is a cultural and societal understanding of the flu, not only based on the facts about the swine flu, but also from the influence of the media and the hype that is surrounding this specific flu. From the work place to homes, is an epidemic that is not only based on the flu, but also is related to the culture and expectations that are surrounding

Thursday, February 6, 2020

The Future Security of Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Future Security of Britain - Essay Example This will benefit them in the European and global economy. However, their security will rest on the confidence they have in their relationship with the US. In return, the EU will continue to benefit from Britain's special, though politically expensive, relationship with the US. The politically risky situation in Iraq, NATO's continued commitment to Afghanistan, and the changing threat of global terrorism have made it imperative that Britain, the EU, and the US act in concert against acts of terrorist aggression and reduce the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. This will require retooling the armed forces and developing new sophisticated technologies. The US must be willing to commit the resources and take the lead, whilst Britain must be prepared to share the burden and play a pivotal role. The EU needs to continue to expand its existing security forces and be prepared to meet the changing threats of the 21st century. The European Union (EU) is defined as the current 15 member nations. Trade organisations are recognised by their common acronyms as well as State organisations. A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is any weapon capable of inflicting massive human casualties with or without sustaining property damage. These can include, but not limited to, nuclear, biological, environmental, and electronic means. Terrorism is the threat of indiscriminate fear and destruction against a civilian population or unengaged forces. The Scenario The British Empire has seen a decline in domination in the recent decades. Once the ruler of the seas, the colonial empire has diminished. With the changing landscape of British holdings has come a new era of trade and economics. The recently formed European Union has a Gross Domestic Product that rivals the United States. Free trade agreements have offered the opportunity for a stabilised economic future. The threats to Britain's security have undergone dramatic change. Britain finds itself in a position of requiring military security with minimal political risk. Britain's challenge is to engage the US in productive security arrangements without damaging regional political relationships. Iraq and the war on terror have placed a strain on these commitments. Britain has reached a crossroads where they must decide where it will place the future of its economics, politics, and military security. Discussion Economics Britain has for several decades promoted international trade through GATT, the WTO, and support for the Doha round of the WTO. When those talks have stalled, Britain has tended to side with the US against resistance by some of Britain's largest trading partners, most notably China and India. When Doha talks were suspended in July 2006, The US and the EU blamed each other for the collapse.1 However, Blair commented on his talks with Bush and insisted, "We both agreed we needed to make one final effort to re-energise the negotiation and I hope we can do so within the next few weeks".2 Britain has made a substantial commitment to the future and expansion of the European Union. On the subject of Enlargement, Blair has been very clear and states, "It would be a Europe confident enough to see enlargement not as a threat [...], but an extraordinary, historic opportunity to build a greater and more powerful

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Communication and Crisis paper Essay Example for Free

Communication and Crisis paper Essay When a certain crisis is going or a situation at the time then the emergency management office is going to be communicating with one another inside of the office and also outside of the organization as well. When dealing with and issue or matter however you look at it no matter what but also sometimes to it can be very difficult for the organization to meet up with one another at the time to get information about what is going on in the community or town during the time. But when you are working with so many different organization at the time communication can be hard for all of them that why you to come up with an idea for the groups or organization when discussing a certain topic with information you have it must be a design timely matter for things to be cover and also each member must be available while working with one another and also be very cooperation to when it comes to the organizations so you won’t cause the public to have an panic attack about the matter that is going on in the community. That which could cause a lot more of problems down the line for the town as well your own self while a crisis is going on that is why the emergency management office have to be very carefully what they say on news and television and the radio broadcast station about a crisis so they don’t put people under more pressure while communicate about the crisis that is involved the community. When a crisis is taking place at a certain time there are going to be many advantages and challenges with every organization as well to for the public no matter what. The one thing you have to do is make sure there are no challenges or advantages that might make the people in the community have a panic attack or a nervous breakdown while a crisis is going on that which  harms them at the time. But when the emergency management office get certain information about a crisis at the time they must get expertise information from other resources that is adequate when dealing with a certain matter that is why they take precautions also to as well to. Because when a certain crisis is going on people can breakdown under pressure so this is why the organizations should be prepared for things like this also there should be more integrated communication plan in place while collaboration with one another at the very moment about a topic or crisis. Differences in communication processes what one has learned from the scenario and how one might incorporate that knowledge to improve healthcare communication strategies? I know there are so many different types of communications processes that you can used when dealing a certain situation or crisis at the time. But also you must have effective communication with one another while a crisis is going on and making sure you have a better understanding as well to. I think the best way to go with communication method is the effective way because every little thing will be on the television, news station and the radio station along with the social media to because when a certain crisis is going on at the time one must find a way to communicate about the situation or matter that is why now it is a lot more of technology available to communicate today around the world. When trying to send a message out to others that is why one must find out what communication strategy method work for them best when trying to improve healthcare communication skills with one another at that time in the field of medical. Appropriate technology like social media and how technologies may be used to enhance communication when a crisis is going or even an certain situation at the moment there are certain things that should be used and appropriate to use or say in the social media while you are reach out to a lot of people around the world at the time like this. Because sometimes people can go online and add more things about the crisis or situation that might not even be true at all that is why the organization must be very carefully when sending out a message to the public about a certain topic or matter also the  social media must have information to back up a crisis that is happened while they are communicate about topic with information that is mostly reliable and telling the truth as well also before it even get out to the public. Because you don’t want to send out the wrong message to the public because that will be worldwide no matter what also the technology should enhance their communication skills during and time like this in the social media but in the healthcare field they should try to come up with a lot more of communication theory that is going to be very effective in a crisis by having more advancement in technology. How technology may be used differently now then it was during the crisis is in certain crisis at the moment that is going on one must use the appropriate communication skills strategy that fit them very best to their ability with the most accurate information in an crisis form of communication that is being broadcast all over the different types of networks at the very important moment. This is why one must have a certain type of communication method while working with technology today in the social media spotlight that is going to be on the local television stations and radio station as well also to for the emergency management technologies while they are reaching out to the population around the world about a main disaster crisis at the time with updated information in a more timely manner. Media opportunities during a crisis The media have so many different opportunities when it comes to an crisis that is taking place at the time with television airtime and news station and radio station as well also to with the newspaper no matter what. Because this is a lot more of good media time for them with many more opportunities as well when they look at it for the time being that which will put them on top in the big spotlight by promote their self and business to because they know many people are going to watch the news for information about a certain crisis or issue that is being broadcast as well that is going be good for publicity In an crisis that is going on at the moment it is an essential to have good  communication skill for the people inside of the community at the time by let them know what it is going and also by not causing any problems or panic attacks by trying your best to describe what is being done as possible to prevent this matter. By having good communication skills strategy when it all comes down to communicating with each other in all of these types of organization in the field so everyone can get the information in a timely manner and order as well to. But however you look at it there are going to be some challenges and advantages while things is being address to the public about certain situation when talking to the community and town of people. And also when one is discussing an crisis at the time they must make sure it is appropriate to the technology as well also to with the social media that they are going to using in the spotlight and also this is a very good opportunity to the media as well to while a crisis is going on that is a competitions. References Du Pre, A.(2005) Communicating about health: current issues and perspectives (2nd Ed) Boston, M.A MC Graw Hill J, S . H . Randolph, T.B. (2002) toward a synthesis model for crisis communication in the public sector Journal of business and technical communication Retrieved on June 13, 2013 from proquest database Stephenson D, R (1982) How to turn pit falls into opportunities in crisis situation: public relation quarterly retrieved on June 14, 2013

Monday, January 20, 2020

Essay on Appearance vs Reality in Othello and Twelfth Night

Appearance versus Reality in Othello and Twelfth Night      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare cleverly uses the art of disguise, in both his tragedies and his comedies, in order to employ a literary device known as dramatic irony, where the audience members are aware of something (in this case the true identity of characters) that characters in the play are not. This, of course, creates tension in a play and excites the audience; actions take place on the stage, of which the audience knows the import, but characters on the stage do not. It also creates a setting for a great deal of irony where characters make comments that take on a double meaning.    Two examples of characters who utilize such disguise are Iago, from Othello, and Viola, from Twelfth Night. The purposes for which Iago chooses to disguise his motives are to gain an office which he feels he deserves and to get revenge on Othello for allegedly committing adultery with his wife.    Most of the irony in Othello stems not from what Iago says, but rather from what the other characters say about him, such as the references to him as "honest Iago," "the bold Iago," and "a very valiant fellow." Iago's disguise makes the audience fearful for the other characters, and causes them to pity those who suffer... ... self-serving officer are both lessons in trust. In Twelfth Night, Olivia's readiness to fall in love with appearances is a lesson about love.   Sometimes it seems disguise tells more than candor.    Works Cited and Consulted: Jorgensen, Paul A. Appearance versus Reality in Shakespeare. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1985. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Shakespeare, William. The Norton Shakespeare. Edited Stephen Greenblatt et al. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

The Impact of Personal and Organisational Variables

The impact of personal and organisational variables on the leadership styles of managers Summary This study has attempted to collect and analyse data on a number of personal as well as organisational variables that are considered as potentially useful in explaining the leadership styles of managers. Such data include the gender, age, length of service in present organisation, length of service in an organisation, hierarchy, size and type of organisation, whether a manufacturing or a financial services entity, for example.The objective of the study is to examine the impact of these variables, if any, on the leadership style practices of managers. In the modern management of human resources it is useful to investigate whether, for example, there is less use of directive form of leadership in preference to consultative, participative and delegative leadership practices. If so, such practices will be in line with the expected liberalisation in today’s world as different from yeste rday’s more authoritarian styles of organisational management.It would be useful to know what personal characteristics, such as age, have on leadership practices which is supposedly based on some suggested principles. For example, how do older and younger top-level and lower-level organisational leaders differ in their leadership activities? Knowledge of the answers to these and similar questions can be used to improve the management of human resources. Respondents to this study identified a number of personal variables during the data collection phase.This included their age, gender, and length of service either in the present organisation or in all organisations in which they have worked. Although a number of variables were thus involved and consequently used in the exploratory data analysis, some of them, like gender and length of service, were not significant, on their own, in the analysis. However, age shows up most significantly in their effects on the leadership styles of the managers. On leadership styles and behaviour, ompared with older workers, the researchers found that younger workers feel more comfortable in fast changing environments and are more willing to take risks and consider new approaches. They also operate with more energy and intensity, and have a greater capacity to energise others. In addition, they are more likely to seek out opportunities to take charge and push vigorously and competitively to achieve a high level of results. When compared to older workers, younger workers also tend to work to develop and promote themselves.Similarly, on leadership styles and behaviour, compared with younger workers, the researchers found that older workers study problems in light of past practices in order to ensure predictability, and minimise risk. They tend to maintain a calmer and more understated (though not detached) demeanour. Older workers tend to maintain an in-depth knowledge of their field and use this knowledge to approach proble ms. They cooperate and delegate more, in addition to showing a greater degree of empathy and concern for other workers. Contrary to the practices of younger workers, the authors suggest that older workers work to develop and promote others.Respondents were asked to indicate their overall satisfaction levels with their boss’s leadership styles. Given the hierarchical nature of most organisations, subordinates rated bosses who, in turn, rated their own bosses and so on so that a full picture of the situation with this consideration was obtained. A further examination of the data suggests that managers at higher organisational hierarchy, obviously, tend to use some but not all of the four leadership styles – directive, consultative, participative and delegative.The impression seems to be that before they get to the higher organisational position they would have tried each of the leadership style dimensions and decided to concentrate on only one, two or three of them but n ot all four leadership styles. Experience would have assisted them in selecting and concentrating on the style or styles of leadership that they considered most appropriate during the performance of each of their organisational activities.A corollary of this finding is that lower level managers tend to use significantly more of the overall leadership styles in comparison with the higher-level managers. This finding is as expected since lower-level managers need time and experience to decide which of the styles would work best for them in different situations. Thus in their learning processes, they might decide to use each and all of the leadership styles during their learning period. This study set out to examine the leadership styles of managers from the perspectives of their ages and the levels they occupy in their organisational hierarchies.Using survey data from over 400 UK employees and managers, the authors found that managers at higher organisational hierarchies tend to use l ess of the overall leadership style in preference to one or the other of the directive, consultative, participative or delegative leadership styles. It was felt that their experiences enable them to more easily select an appropriate style of leadership in performing their organisational activities rather than relying on a composite leadership style. However, it was also found that older managers tend to use less of the individual leadership styles in preference to the overall leadership style.This situation leaves us with the conclusion that the higher level managers in our study may not be the oldest ones and that, today, younger managers are rising to the top positions in organisational management. One reason for this, of course, is the increasing use of technology in managerial duties and that younger managers tend to be more adept at this than their older colleagues. One of the implications of our finding is that organisations today must increasingly recognise the complementary roles and skills of younger and older employees in achieving their goals. Age does not necessarily have to be an asset or a barrier.THE DOWNSIDE OF SELF-MANAGEMENT: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF CONFLICT ON TRUST, AUTONOMY, AND TASK INTERDEPENDENCE IN SELF-MANAGING TEAMS Summary Over the past few decades, interest in self-managing teams has increased, particularly interest in understanding their design, structure, and performance. Little is known about how self-managing teams design and adapt themselves, and how these actions affect performance. A recent review of teams in organizations that specifically discussed adaptation did not reference any research exploring structural change as an adaptive mechanism.The author illustrated an example of teams with high trust suffering performance losses when they adopted a design with high individual autonomy. Thus, selfmanaging teams’ ability to choose and adapt their structures has important implications for their performanc e. In general, flexibility and adaptability are beneficial and are often what allow teams to avoid trouble and manage problems successfully. However, the author suggest this flexibility can sometimes be a liability, specifically when a self-managing team unintentionally adopts a potentially dysfunctional design.The authors focus is on how task and relationship conflict in self-managing teams can cause them to restructure themselves in response. The author defines task conflict here as disagreement among group members about decisions, viewpoints, ideas, and opinions and as potentially including controversy over the best way to achieve a group goal or objective. In the context of self-managing teams, the issue of structure and process becomes more complex than it is for â€Å"traditional† work teams.Normally, structural, or design, variables are considered exogenous inputs in a classic input-process-output (IPO) model, but in the case of self-managing teams they can clearly be outputs as well. This characteristic raises two thorny issues, one conceptual and one methodological. First, it suggests that the study of self-managing teams should address not just the immediate effect of structure on outcomes such as performance, but also the effects on structure itself of various processes, such as conflict, and the effects of emergent states like trust.Conflict has long been known to have the potential to harm group processes, such as coordination and cooperation, as well as performance outcomes, such as goal accomplishment, and much is known about the causes and effects of conflict in teams. Although the benefits of sharing divergent viewpoints and discussion are clear, especially in terms of team decision-making quality, the overall effect of both task and relationship conflict on performance appears to be negative. Despite voluminous research, the effects of onflict on team structure have remained largely unexplored, representing a significant shortcoming in academic understanding of teams, particularly selfmanaging ones. The author believes that the links between conflict and structure may not only be direct, but also indirect—through intervening variables such as intrateam trust, which has been found to be important to self-managing team performance. Hypothesis 1. Higher conflict, whether task or relationship, is associated with lower trust.The author expects that the reductions in trust associated with increased conflict will in turn influence team structure, resulting in lowered autonomy and task interdependence. Autonomy and task interdependence both consistently stand out in the team design literature as the two primary structural factors of teams. Hypothesis 2. Lower trust is associated with lower levels of individual autonomy in a team. It is also likely that trust influences task interdependence. By a logic similar to that presented above, perceptions of risk may also lead team members to limit task interdependence and coordination requirements.Task interdependence is often considered the extent to which an individual’s task performance depends on the efforts and skills of others. Hypothesis 3. Lower trust is associated with lower levels of task interdependence in a team. In addition to the indirect effects discussed above, it is also possible for conflict to have direct effects on team structure. In terms of autonomy, such effects might result from a desire for revenge or retribution in response to task or relationship conflict; a team member might essentially withhold autonomy from another as a punitive act.Hypothesis 4. Higher conflict, whether task or relationship, is associated with lower levels of individual autonomy in a team. A direct effect of conflict on task interdependence is also possible, as team members may redesign their team to avoid interacting with one another. If relationship conflict is high, members can reduce task interdependencies to minimize their contact with team members they do not like, thus avoiding conflict. Hypothesis 5. Higher conflict, whether task or relationship, is associated with lower task interdependence.Hypotheses 1, 2, and 3 thus suggest that trust serves as an indirect intervening variable by which trust is affected by conflict and, in turn, affects team structure. Hypothesis 6. Higher conflict, whether task or relationship, is associated with teams characterized by a combination of lower task interdependence and lower individual autonomy. Finally, it is worth noting that such a design— low interdependence combined with low autonomy—is potentially dysfunctional.Thus, moving slightly outside the main focus of the present study, the author would also expect to find such an interactive effect of autonomy and task interdependence on team performance. In other words, design changes that are either directly or indirectly associated with conflict in a self-managing team are likely to have dysfunctional effects on perfo rmance. The authors basic contention is that self-managing teams can be particularly susceptible to detrimental effects of conflict as a result of their ability to alter their own structures and designs.The results have largely supported that contention. He has shown that higher levels of conflict (especially relationship conflict) in teams are associated with lower task interdependence and individual autonomy, partly because of direct effects, and partly because of indirect effects of lower trust. He also demonstrated that high conflict in teams is associated with the combination of lower autonomy and interdependence, which is a potentially dysfunctional design for a self-managing team, with lower performance than other configurations. Leadership in the Service of Hospitality SummaryThe definition of leadership has changed considerably in the past one hundred years, beginning with the â€Å"great man† concept and, more recently, focusing on â€Å"transformational leadership . † The next step in leadership evolution is servant leadership, in which the leader seeks to support and empower followers. The implications are considerable for the hospitality industry, since it is based on the concept of leadership through service. Hospitality educators could take steps to instill servant leadership principles in students to equip them for this increasingly relevant leadership style.This paper looks back on half a century of publications, the changes it has recorded in leadership theory and practice illustrate the evolution of approaches to understanding the relationship between leaders and followers in hospitality organizations. In the current business climate, there is a greater need for leaders who can guide with integrity and courage instead of autocratic leaders. Therefore it seems logical to research several philosophies on employee care and environmental stewardship. These philosophies promote a culture of trust and respect.This emerging approach to leadership is examined in light of the pressing issues businesses are confronting as we move into the second decade of the twenty-first century—leaders whose motives are often questionable and a workforce that has become increasingly stressed, disillusioned, and disengaged. Early theories focused almost exclusively on personal characteristics of the leader and attempted to better understand the reason for his or her impact on organizational performance. In fact, one of the first perspectives was called the â€Å"great man† theory under the premise that leaders (at that time, almost exclusively male) were born, not made.During the 1950s and 1960s, behavioural theories emerged with increasing frequency. Theorists proposed that individuals could learn to be leaders through skill development and deliberate action. While the earliest theories focused on the leader’s characteristics and competencies in search of the key to greater effectiveness, thinking during the p ast twenty-five years has generally taken a broader view that considers both the dynamics created between the leader and his or her followers as well as the context and features of the particular environment.Servant leadership captures and reimagines elements from earlier thinking on the requirements of both the individual as leader and his or her relationship with followers. Servant leaders demonstrate the flexibility required for effectiveness in a culturally diverse workplace, incorporating the positive and appropriate aspects of other leadership models. Behaviors Associated with Servant Leaders 1. Listening intently to others combined with personal reflection on what is heard 2. Empathy: assuming the good intentions of colleagues 3. Awareness: understanding issues involving ethics and values . Persuasion, rather than relying on authority or coercion 5. Conceptualization: servant leaders dream great dreams and are also operationally skilled 6. Foresight: the ability to foresee th e likely outcome of a situation 7. Stewardship: holding institutions in trust for the greater good of society 8. Commitment to the personal and professional growth of all employees 9. Building community within the organization As definitions of customer service turn to customer care, servant leadership becomes increasingly relevant. Servant leaders appreciate, encourage, and care for their followers.Employees, inspired by the example their leader sets, in turn provide generous and genuine care to guests. When employees take personal responsibility for addressing each guest’s needs, when they serve out of a personal commitment to provide value and assistance, service becomes authentic and quality increases. This customization of service translates into high customer satisfaction and subsequent organizational effectiveness. When employees perceive their leader as trustworthy—when they keep their promises and act on espoused values—employee commitment, effort, and efficiency increase.While both servant and transformational leaders seek to empower employees, servant leadership adds an ethical emphasis beyond what is generally found in transformational leadership theory. Arguments have been posed that transformational leaders, highly motivated to accomplish their organizational goals, may be tempted to use their charisma and misrepresent aspects of the situation to their followers. The path to servant leadership is not always direct, and students must be encouraged to cultivate a long-term view of the journey.Educators can help each student to see the value in doing what is right, even if it is not immediately recognized or rewarded. While focus is on facilitating these outcomes in student learners, faculty may find that modelling servant leader attitudes and practices can help them to facilitate personal responsibility and high standards of ethical behaviour. When faculty demonstrate empowerment and build trust, they can raise students’ expectations regarding the requirements of their future hospitality leadership role. Job-Related Barriers and Coping Behaviors n the Career Development of Hospitality Undergraduates Summary The main reason why this research is done is to understand the reason for the extremely high turnover in the hospitality industry. The purpose of most of the hospitality education programs is to prepare students for future management positions. However, many of these students drop out after 3-5 years. The first step of the survey, in the direction of solving the problem is to understand students' career planning. Studies from the student perspective are scarce, so this study will focus mainly on these students, hree main objectives guiding the study. 1. To explore and compare hospitality students' perception of work-related barriers 2. The relationships between the role of the barriers students investigate in their career decision processes. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of career counseling to improve and suggest directions for future studies focusing on barriers for hospitality students Job-related barriers are defined as â€Å"events or circumstances, either within the person or in his or her environment, which are part of a career progress difficult†.Several studies focus on further classification of these career difficulties. Factors, including race, age, education and background are examined during the years. In addition to the quantitative studies that have focused on the effects of barriers for student career development processes a few researchers found that qualitative methods have the advantage of improving the exploration of the students' perceived barriers. Nowadays hospitality researchers have developed a new and different approach to the career development of students in the hospitality industry.Acquiring useful skills is viewed helpful in promoting hospitality graduates compatibility with advances in the industry. Along with the before mentioned a pproach, the view and the perception of the students in the hospitality is considered more and more important. The lack of opportunities for growth was the main reason reported by alumni of hotel and restaurant programs for changing employers or leaving the industry. Unsuitable working hours and poor financial compensation be mentioned as another important reason for the change businesses, changing careers, or leave the industry altogether.Career decision-making self-efficacy (CdSe) refers to the degree of confidence people have in their expertise or ability to informational, educational and professional goal-planning activities to be carried out. In addition to these CdSe states that â€Å"the students' perceptions of barriers can be based on several considerations: chance barriers arise, the degree of disruptiveness as it occurs, and an individual is able to overcome barriers† . A total of 430 surveys were distributed to hospitality students at two universities through the stratified sampling method (program enrollment ratio: 7:3).School 1 is located in a small suburban university city with a population of 27,906 and a number of medium-sized cities in the area. School 2 is located in a medium sized city known for commercial and medical institutions with a population of 217,326 and the proximity of nearby small towns. Selection of these two samples, the investigator in order to determine whether location has significant influence on the selected variables. One of the outcomes of this research is what kind of factors are considered as the main barriers.The factors, difficulty finding a job because of a tight labor market and not knowing the â€Å"right people† to get a job came in first and second. The findings of this study suggest that students perceived barriers differently, because the same item are grouped into different factors within the subscales. Thus, the inability to move away from friends / family seen as affecting â€Å"getting a jo b they desire† (finding the job factor), but the move was also seen as their â€Å"performance on the job† to influence (performing the work factor).When both quantitative and quantitative measures were used to students' perceptions of career barriers to explore other results have emerged from these two reviews. When students had a choice to predetermined list of wide assessments given, they rated the tight labor market as the top concern, followed by lack of connection. The findings of this study showed that students often use problem-oriented methods to deal with barriers.Again, although the qualitative method may have limited students from considering all possible coping strategies, students turned on internal (hard to improve themselves, work) over external assistance (eg professional help) to find solutions. This result showed a consistency in the qualitative data, because internal barriers (lack of experience, motivation, self-confidence) more than external ones ( tight labor) were cited. Finally, the moderate relationship found in this study showed that although students were able to career decision in the hospitality industry , they do not have the confidence in this field to conquer the barriers.By studying the career development processes of hospitality students, hospitality teachers will benefit from understanding how to help students cope with barriers and hospitality situated in a better position to help students with their career goals. Decreasing barriers in students' career planning will improve hospitality students control over their career behavior. A conscious choice of career, a meaningful career goal and career preparation will facilitate hospitality students commitment to their career choices and retention in the hospitality industry. Career Decision Making and Intention: a Study of Hospitality Undergraduate StudentsSummary This study focused on a sample of hospitality undergraduate students and had three main objectives: Firs t, to determine factors that affect their career-related decisions; second, to explore motivations for pursuing a hospitality career; and third, to examine whether the probability of hospitality students’ career intentions can be predicted by selected variables Self-Efficacy. This concept dominates career development theories and may be best described as â€Å"Can I do this? †. Self-efficacy serves as a mediator to motivate people to achieve a special goal, such as pursuing a career in the hospitality industry.Self-efficacy is about individuals’ belief in their ability to carry out the following five tasks: self-appraisal, vocational information gathering, plans for the future, problem solving, and goal selection. Performing these five tasks is essential to achieve career maturity. Outcome Expectations. This factor is an important determinant of â€Å"career interests and choice goals† and may be best described as â€Å"If I do this, what will happen? â € . Outcome expectations are both the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards that career choices and goals are based on. Vocational Exploration.This factor refers to a process that an individual engages when choosing a career. This process begins with exposure to various sources of information (about one’s self, the vocational world, and alternative options) and involves activities such as (a) testing occupational preferences and interests, (b) evaluating suitability and obtaining feedback, (c) establishing career goals and overcoming barriers and obstacles, and (d) engaging in and committing to a career choice. Career Intentions. This factor is defined as â€Å"the degree to which a person has formulated conscious plans to perform or not perform some specified future behavior†.Both self-efficacy and outcome expectations are predictors of â€Å"career intentions and persistence behavior†. Three methods of data analysis were performed in this study. First, a series o f bivariate correlation analyses was conducted to test the relationships among career-related variables. Second, logistic regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesis and identify background and career-related variables that significantly predicted the probability of students’ intention to work in the hospitality industry after graduation.Third, students’ responses to one open-ended question were thematically analyzed. This question encouraged students to express their own views and opinions about pursuing careers in the hospitality industry. The authors results hold three main implications for both hospitality educators and industry. First of all, hospitality students in this study identified themselves as the most influential factor in making career decisions and also reported intrinsic rewards as more valuable outcomes or motivators for pursuing careers than extrinsic.Implications of this finding suggest that hospitality firms continue to create industry positions that promote â€Å"self-reliance,† â€Å"autonomy,† â€Å"advancement,† â€Å"opportunities for personal and professional development,† and â€Å"sense of achievement†. These researchers concluded that â€Å"money alone does not motivate a young manager† â€Å"the strongest driver of commitment is the intrinsic nature of the job,† and â€Å"one of the most important job features focuses on challenging job that offers growth opportunities†. Industry may also find our qualitative data on students’ motivations for pursuing a hospitality career valuable.Their responses matched with industry professionals’ views regarding qualifications for hospitality graduates in the 21st century, and included service attitude, flexibility, enjoy serving people, enjoy what you do, dedication, and commitment. Second, hospitality educators may find our regression analysis on factors affecting undergraduate students’ c areer intentions worthwhile when planning curriculum. For example, female students were found to show stronger intentions to work in the hospitality industry than male students. How does the material/information in the articles relate to the career development programme hat you followed at IHM? The IHM career development programme is created to prepare the student for his/her professional life after graduating IHM. By the use of several obliged tests and assignments, the student and his/her study career coach try to find out what the weaknesses and more important, strengths of the student are. Along with the before mentioned activities, the students tries to acquire skills that might help him/he in the future. Because the author of this assignment is currently a second year student, the first two years of the career development programme are examined.According to (Kuang Chuang, 2011) most of the career development programmes are designed to fit the student in a profile that companie s expect. However the turnover rate in the hospitality industry is extremely high, most of the universities do not change their programmes to decrease this high turnover rate. As mentioned before, students are bounded to several tests in order to increase their chance to receive a suitable job after graduation. The examples given in the article of the before mentioned authors, are the so called job-barriers.These barriers are events of circumstances that are part of career development difficulties of the ex-student. Examples of barriers are; inflexible working hours, poor financial compensation and the lack of growth. Students mentioned these three barriers as most important factors to leave the industry. Nowadays the industry, together with the universities, realize more and more that the students' point of view is important as well. Only fitting into a profile is not applicable anymore in the current market. Personal opinions, from students in this case, are becoming the new stand ard.The link with the IHM career development programme is that IHM tries to learn the student a range of skills that might turn out useful in any industry and not only the hospitality industry. Improving the lack of experience and motivation are also an important part of the programme. Of course fitting into a certain profile is also part of the programme, e. g. company visitations in the first year, and the expectations that derive from these visitations. Overall the article concludes that hospitality teachers will benefit from understanding how to help students with their barriers and how to give them a better position on the future market.A well chosen choice of career, a well structured goal and preparation will improve the chance of reaching the goals of students. The second article (Ning-Kuang Chuang and Mary Dellmann-Jenkins, 2010), tries to understand the factors that are involved in choosing a future career for students. Further objectives were if the career intentions of s tudents can be predicted by researching several variables. In accordance with the IHM programme, the articles explains the importance of self efficiency. It can be best described as; Can I do this?Part of the self efficiency are also individuals’ belief in their ability to carry out the following five tasks: self-appraisal, vocational information gathering, plans for the future, problem solving, and goal selection. Especially in the practical modules, students are constantly challenged to improve their performance and look critically towards themselves and to others. These factors are essential in achieving a mature and professional student. The focus in this part lies on the last two factors, problem solving and goal selection because these to factors can be best related to the career development programme of IHM.One of the boundaries that lies in the main question in this part of the assignment is the fact that all the articles should relate to the career development progra mme. However, the entire educational programme of IHM focuses on the before mentioned factors, and therefore this part will also include information about the rest of the IHM programme. The most obvious factors in the IHM programme related to problem solving is Problem Based Learning. In short, PBL. During these sessions students are trained in solving real life problems, that might also occur in the careers of the students contributing in a session.But PBL is in the authors opinion not only about solving problems but also about setting goals. What does a group want to achieve, will that challenge them, and why do the students want to know it? All these aspects of the IHM programme relate to this article in such a way that IHM also tries to find out why a student wants to achieve something. In the article, the students stated that money was not the only motivator in a job, but the intrinsic value that was found in a job gave the decisive. Especially these intrinsic values are also m entioned in the industry as most important in hiring people.Therefore the IHM educational programme is an extension of the article or the other way around. Describe in your own words how a manager of a hospitality company can use the information derived from the articles and the career development programme. What is a leader? Is a leader someone born to lead, or someone learned to lead? In earlier times especially men were considered leader that were born. There gender and background gave them the status that was expected and necessary to lead. In those days, most of the leaders were autocratic leaders, not much or little attention was given to the human aspects of leading.According to (Judi Brownell, 2010), the ‘great man' concept was the way to look at leaders. Nowadays leaders are considered transformational, they change according to what is needed to lead successful. The next step is the servant leadership style in which the leader seeks to support and empower followers. T he implications are considerable for the hospitality industry, since it is based on the concept of leadership through service. In the current market there is a need for trustworthy leaders who lead with integrity. Care about employees and the environment are considered more and more important.Keywords are trust and respect, however motives of leaders are, or are becoming questionable, and more often employees are stressed, disillusioned and disengaged. Is the personality of the leader the key factor in success? Or can a leader be trained to be a leader as mentioned before? Servant leadership might be the new success, but I have my doubts about the ‘new' element in this case. The hospitality industry has always been an industry were not the employees, but the guests and their expectations were considered most important.Employees in this industry have always been servants of guests. In my opinion is a good leader in a hospitality company, a trustworthy, respectable and integer p erson. One that has feeling with his company and his employees in order to let the guest feel at home and treated as such. Quality increases when employees feel respected and valued. While both servant and transformational leaders seek to empower employees, servant leadership adds an personal aspect to the business beyond what is normally found in transformational leadership.According to (Titus Oshagbemi, 2008), t would be useful to know what personal characteristics, such as age, and gender have on leadership which is based on some suggested principles. For example, how do older and younger top-level and lower-level organisational leaders differ in their leadership activities? Older workers are considered more calm and understated, they tend to cooperate and delegate more work compared to their younger employees. Also these older workers show a greater degree of empathy and care for their colleagues, they work to develop and promote others instead of themselves.According to my opin ion all this theory is important but not essential. Of course a leader can be trained in more or less disciplines of the hospitality business. But overall a leader is born, a leader has a natural feeling of what he/she has to do in order to make his employees do what he/she wants without being questioned. In addition to this most important factors a good leader, let his/her employees feel valued and respected. I think a hospitality leader is a leader that can deal with all sorts of problems. The most important information in these two articles is the information about the servant leadership.This kind of leadership should, in my opinion, almost be natural in a hospitality company. It doesn't maybe give direct rewards or benefits, but it would increase the quality of a lot of companies. A leader is in every way a role model, not only business wise but also personal wise. When answering the main question, for a hospitality manager without the natural leadership ability, I would recomme nd to turn the entire process around. Try to find out what you would like to experience when visiting your own company. How should the staff treat you, how should the overall feeling be?Explore what being a leader is about? According to these articles there are different ways to achieve a successful company. In addition to these articles, a manager should learn how to develop him/herself, the career development programme gives lot of opportunities to do so. By the hand of e. g. a Belbin Teamroletest or a Core Quality Quadrant, a manager might come up with ways to improve his leadership capabilities. But in my opinion, a manager hopefully already owns this kind of knowledge about him/herself, and should not have to rely on a university programme.Describe in your own words the importance of self management, personal leadership and career development for your personal professional development as a manager. Self management is the ability to lead a group without being constantly supervis ed or controlled. Little is actually known about the pro's and con's of self management, on the one hand it is a positive factor that individual peers can form an autonomous group, with self control. A group that makes it own decisions and is responsible for its performance. Skills like: leadership, cooperation and team-building can be learned.On the other hand, one might say that conflicts easily occur within a group, these conflicts might decrease the overall performance in this group. Conflicts are caused by a bad designed group, a group without clear agreements and without a clear structure. In this case the self management in my own personal professional development as a manager is the main issue. E. g. is the experience I gained at IHM with self managed groups. Especially in module assignments, teamwork is at the essence. Placed most of the time in a random group, it is just luck whether you are placed in a productive group, or not.Of course there are the workshops about cultu ral differences, effective teamwork and communication skills, but these workshops do not contribute to the basic of these groups. A group consists out of 4 peers, 2 peers are contributing and obviously 1 or 2 are not. This is the problem that, in my opinion, comes forward in any group. Answering the before mentioned main subject, self management is extremely important, if carried out correctly. Students at IHM, might get the feeling that there are always negative aspects in a group process. This is a negative aspect in the self managing atmosphere of IHM.However I believe that if carried out correctly and if just slightly supervised, the before mentioned, negative peers get the feeling that they also have to work in order to reach the set objectives. So concluded I would say that self management is important when becoming a future manager but it should be learned correctly in order to succeed. Secondly I will explain my vision on personal leadership in my personal professional devel opment as a manager. As mentioned earlier in this assignment, I think leaders are born instead of taught. I realize that in the current, international market, this vision is to black and white.I understand the importance of knowing the theory behind leading and the ability to perform according to the theory. In addition I will specify the †manager† part in the earlier mentioned statement. At IHM we are becoming future hospitality managers. In my opinion hospitality managers should have a common feeling of what a guest actually wants. The basic should be right in order to successfully create a future manager. Besides all the business, marketing and HRM knowledge, the basic should be right. Therefore I think that just a percentage of all the IHM graduates will become successful future hospitality managers.This might also be a reason for the high turnover in the industry, however this will not be examined further in this assignment. Self management will however remain one o f the most important factors in our future jobs, because of the increasing globalization and the changing nature of the hospitality industry. Finally this part of the assignment will focus on the career development part in becoming a manager. In my opinion standing still is †¦ Especially in the current modern business market, every single individual has to keep improving whenever the possibilities are present.Improving does not only relate to performing better, but also on the before mentioned fact of dealing with problems, the so called barriers. These barriers will not only come up when being a manager, but will cross the paths of current IHM students as well. Therefore I would like to explain the importance of career development by using the example of the students, becoming managers. I think one of the most important factors in career development is to turn the barriers into something positive. Learn from the difficulties that will sooner or later arise. Together with this barrier dealing issue, the performing part is the other main aspect.I think it is wise for managers in any industry to improve their overall performance constantly. Not only from learning theory, but from learning the industry as well. Explore what, related to the hospitality industry, your guests want and how their needs change. What are the trends and how will you use these in your advantage? Write a reflection of what you have learned from this replacement assignment, and how this can help you to make the right career decisions for you. At first, I have to be honest, I thought of this assignment as just the next of many others.The same aspects of the career development programme highlighted again. Until the moment that I started searching for articles. I realized that there was a lot to learn about these kind of programmes. Information that I had never seen before. Useful research that had been done concerning real life students' †problems†. In the last part of this r eplacement assignment I will focus on the 3 factors mentioned in the part above. Self management As mentioned earlier in this assignment I consider the luck factor in a designated module assignment group as a negative aspect. But maybe I should consider this barrier as a positive factor.I will help my fellow peers to gain a feeling with a project, try to guide them trough the available theory and set up clear rules and agreements. This might be a positive influence in a group. These steps will improve the group process and eventually the overall performance. Therefore I consider this a right decision in my upcoming career. Personal leadership I always have, and still do, consider myself as a leader type of person. This comes forward out of my personal experiences. E. g. I have been the chairman of several commissions, part of the largest student hockey club in the Netherlands.And I used to be the captain of my team. One of my strong points is that I can understand the position of ot her people in situations, I always try to listen carefully, not only to what people are telling me, but also what they don't. During my first two years at IHM, especially my practical module points and PBL points, underline this personal skill. Positive feedback from PBL coordinators and fellow peers also prove this. Currently my objective is to get a internship at the famous Amstel Hotel in Amsterdam. During my third year at IHM I will focus more on what is expected from me if I want to get the internship.Together with the Industrial Placement Office, I will try to make the right decisions in this step of my career as well. Career development After making this assignment I think I will consider the career development programme of IHM as a useful part of the education, instead of a less interesting way to receive credits. I think it would be good to make these kind of assignments part of the career development programme, because it offers a lot of information to students that they o therwise wouldn't have seen at all. It also gives students the opportunity to broaden their horizon bout career development, further than the basic assignments, in my opinion, for the portfolio do. The assignments given in the first 2 years of the education give not really a in depth view of the benefits the programme has. Conclusion Finally I want to conclude that however I didn't like the assignment at first, I realize that it will contribute to my career development programme in a positive way. After reading all the information in the articles, my look on the programme changed. It became clear to me that it is a way of preparing you for your upcoming professional life, however at first I might not seem that way.I read more about self management, career development and personal leadership in one week than in the rest of the two years together, and learned a lot. Literature list 1. Ning-Kuang Chuang. (2011). Job-Related Barriers and Coping Behaviors in the Career Development of Hos pitality Undergraduates . Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism. 14-32. DOI: 10. 1080/15332845. 2010. 500183 2. Ning-Kuang Chuang and Mary Dellmann-Jenkins. (2011). Career Decision Making and Intention: a Study of Hospitality Undergraduate Students. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 2010 34: 512 originally published online 19-05-2010.DOI: 10. 1177/1096348010370867 3. Judi Brownell. (2011). Leadership in the Service of Hospitality. AUGUST 2010 Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 363. Volume 51, Issue 3 363-378. DOI: 10. 1177/1938965510368651 4. George W. Langfred. (2007). THE DOWNSIDE OF SELF-MANAGEMENT. Academy of Management Journal 2007, Vol. 50, No. 4, 885–900. 5. Titus Oshagbemi. (2008). The impact of personal and organisational variables on the leadership styles of managers. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 19, No. 10, October 2008, 1896–1910.